Human NK3 receptor-selective antagonist compounds, method for obtaining them and pharmaceutical compositions containing them

ABSTRACT

Compounds of the formulaare useful as human NK3 receptor antagonists.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application is a divisional of U.S. application Ser. No. 09/043,247, filed Mar. 12, 1998, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,028,082 which in turn is a 35 U.S.C. §371 application of PCT International Application No. PCT/FR96/01416, filed Sep. 13, 1996, which in turn claims priority of French Application No. 9510776, filed Sep. 14, 1995.

The present invention relates to novel selective human NK₃ receptor antagonist compounds for the preparation of drugs useful in the treatment of psychiatric diseases, diseases of psychosomatic origin, hypertension and, in general, any central or peripheral pathological condition in which neurokinin B and the NK₃ receptor are involved in the interneuronal regulatory processes, to a method of obtaining said compounds and to the pharmaceutical compositions in which they are present as the active principle.

Diseases of psychosomatic origin are understood as meaning diseases which originate in the central nervous system (CNS) and have pathological consequences on the peripheral nervous system.

In recent years, numerous research studies have been carried out on tachykinins and their receptors. Tachykinins are distributed throughout both the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The tachykinin receptors have been recognized and are classified into three types: NK₁, NK₂, NK₃. Substance P (SP) is the endogenous ligand of the NK₁ receptors, neurokinin A (NK_(A)) that of the NK₂ receptors and neurokinin B (NK_(B)) that of the NK₃ receptors.

The NK₁, NK₂ and NK₃ receptors have been identified in different species. Thus the NK₃ receptors have been identified in the guinea-pig, the rat and the monkey (Br. J. Pharmacol., 1990, 99, 767-773); Neurochem. Int., 1991, 18, 149-165); they have also been identified in man (FEBS Letters, 1992, 299 (1), 90-95).

A review by C. A. Maggi et al. looks at the tachykinin receptors and their antagonists and gives an account of the pharmacological studies and the applications in human therapeutics (J. Autonomic Pharmacol., 1993, 13, 23-93).

The following non-peptide compounds may be mentioned among the specific NK₁ receptor antagonists: CP-96345 (J. Med. Chem., 1992, 35, 2591-2600), RP-68651 (Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 1991, 88, 10208-10212) and SR 140333 (Curr. J. Pharmacol., 1993, 250, 403-413).

In the case of the NK₂ receptor, the non-peptide selective antagonist SR 48968 has been described in detail (Life Sci., 1992, 50, PL101-PL106).

As far as the human NK₃ receptor is concerned, the non-peptide selective antagonist (+)-N-[1-[3-[1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperid-3-yl]propyl]-4-phenylpiperid-4-yl]-N-methylacetamide hydrochloride, or SR 142801, has been described (EP-A-0 673 928; Peptides and their antagonists in tissue injury, Montreal, Canada, Jul. 31-Aug. 3, 1994, Canadian J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 1994, 72 (suppl. 2), 25, Abst. III. 0. 9.; Life Sci., 1994, 56 (1), 27-32; British Pharmacol. Society, Canterbury, Apr. 6-8; 1995, Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1995, 278 (1), 17-25; 1st Eur. Congress Pharmacol., Milan, Jun. 16-19, 1995).

Patent applications EP 474 561 and EP 512 901 describe neurokinin antagonists, more particularly NK₁ or NK₂ receptor antagonists. Pharmacological studies of peptide and non-peptide NK₁ and NK₂ receptor antagonists have shown that their affinities for these receptors, and their pharmacological activities, are very dependent on the species; this is very probably the result of small differences in the amino acid sequences, inducing very slight structural variations in these receptors from one species to another (J. Autonomic Pharmacol., 1993, 13, 23-93). Some experimental data, confirmed by pharmacological characterization of the compounds forming the subject of the present invention, seem to indicate that a comparable situation exists for the NK₃ receptor. In particular, the human NK₃ receptor differs from the NK₃ receptor of the rat.

Non-peptide compounds have now been found which have a very strong affinity for the human NK₃ receptor and a high specificity for said receptor. These compounds can be used for the preparation of drugs useful in the treatment of psychiatric diseases, diseases of psychosomatic origin and any central or peripheral diseases in which neurokinin B and the NK₃ receptor are involved in the interneuronal regulatory processes.

Very strong affinity for the human NK₃ receptor is understood as meaning an affinity characterized by an inhibition constant Ki which is generally less than 5.10⁻⁹ M.

In ligand binding studies, the inhibition constant Ki is defined by the Cheng-Prusoff relationship (in Receptor Binding in Drug Research, eds. R. A. O'BRIEN. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1986): ${Ki} = \frac{{IC}_{50}}{1 + \frac{\lbrack L\rbrack}{Kd}}$

[L]: concentration of the ligand,

Kd: dissociation constant of the ligand,

IC₅₀: concentration which inhibits ligand binding by 50%.

High specificity for the human NK₃ receptor is understood as meaning that the inhibition constant (Ki) for the human NK₃ receptor is generally at least 100 times lower than the inhibition constant (Ki) for the NK₂ receptor or the inhibition constant for the NK₁ receptor of different species.

Thus, according to one of its aspects, the present invention relates to compounds of the formula

in which:

R₁ is hydrogen;

R₂ is the methyl group;

or R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different; a thienyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom; a benzothienyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom; a naphthyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom; an indolyl which is unsubstituted or N-substituted by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl or a benzyl; an imidazolyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom; a pyridyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen atom; or a biphenyl;

T is a group —CH₂—; a group —CO—; a group —COO—; or a group —CONR₃— in which R₃ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

A is a direct bond; a group —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group;

or —T—A— is the group —SO₂—;

Z is an optionally substituted, mono-, di- or tri-cyclic aromatic or heteroaromatic group; and

B is:

i—either a group B₁ of the formula

 in which J₁ is:

i₁ either a group

 in which:

x is zero or one;

Ar₂ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a nitro, a hydroxyl, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different; a pyridyl; a thienyl; a pyrimidyl; or an imidazolyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; and

X₁ is a group selected from:

(1) hydrogen;

(2) (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

(3) formyl;

(4) (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

(5) —(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄;

(6) —(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅;

(7) —(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH—(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

(8) —O—CH₂CH₂—OR₆;

(9) —(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇;

(10) —CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

(11) —NR₈R₉;

(12) —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁;

(13) —NR₁₂COR₁₃;

(14) —NR₁₄COCOR₁₅;

(15) —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆;

(16) —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇;

(17) —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈;

(18) —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀;

(19) —(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁;

(20) —(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀;

(21) —CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄;

(22) —CN;

or X₁ forms a double bond between the carbon atom to which it is bonded and the adjacent carbon atom of the piperidine ring; in which groups:

m is zero, one or two;

n is zero or one;

p is one or two;

j is one or two;

W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

R₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₅ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl;

R₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

R₇ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₉ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl, a benzyl or a phenyl;

or R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thio-morpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₁ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl;

R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₁₃ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl;

or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together are a group —(CH₂)_(u)—, in which u is three or four;

R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy;

R₁₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl;

R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a phenyl;

R₁₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or poly-substituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, a cyano, a nitro and an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different;

R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls;

or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thio-morpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₂₁ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₂₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; and

R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

i₂— or a group

 in which Ar₂ is as defined above;

i₃— or a group

 in which Ar₂ is as defined above;

i₄— or a group

 in which Ar₂ is as defined above;

i₅— or a group

 in which:

Ar₂ is as defined above;

Am₁ is an amino group substituted by two (C₁-C₄)alkyls; and

r is two or three;

 in which:

Ar₂ is as defined above;

W₂ is an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom; a sulfinyl; a sulfonyl; or a group —NL₁—;

—L₁ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl; or a group —(CH₂)_(v)—Am₂;

v is one, two or three; and

Am₂ is an amino group which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; Am₂ can also be a pyrrolidino, piperidino or morpholino group;

ii— or a group B₂ of the formula

 in which J₂ is:

ii₁— either a group

ii₂— or a group

ii₃— or a group

ii₄— or a group

ii₅— or a group

 in which:

Ar₂ is as defined above;

r is two or three; and

Am₁ is as defined above;

iii— or a group B₃ of the formula

 in which J₃ is:

 in which:

W₃ is an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom; or a group NR₃₀, in which R₃₀ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₂₈ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₆)alkyl; a (C₃-C₆)alkenyl in which one vinylic carbon atom is not bonded to the nitrogen atom; a 2-hydroxyethyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a nitro, an amino and a hydroxyl, said substituents being identical or different; or a 6-membered heteroaryl containing one or two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms, said heteroaryl being unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a nitro, an amino and a hydroxyl, said substituents being identical or different;

R₂₉ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxyl and/or by one, two or three fluorine atoms; a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; a (C₁-C₅)alkoxy (only when W₃ is an oxygen atom); a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkoxy (only when W₃ is an oxygen atom); or a group —NR₃₁R₃₂ containing from zero to seven carbon atoms, R₂₉ being other than an unsubstituted (C₁-C₄)alkyl when simultaneously W₃ is an oxygen and R₂₈ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a nitro, a hydroxyl, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, said substituents being identical or different; a pyridyl; or a pyrimidyl;

or R₂₈ and R₂₉ together form a divalent hydrocarbon group L₂, in which the 1-position is bonded to the carbon atom carrying the substituent W₃, the divalent hydrocarbon group L₂ being selected from a trimethylene, a cis-propenylene, a tetramethylene, a cis-butenylene, a cis,cis-butadienylene, a pentamethylene and a cis-pentenylene, said divalent hydrocarbon group L₂ being unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyls; and

R₃₁ and R₃₂ are each independently a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₅)alkyl or a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; or R₃₁ and R₃₂, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

iv— or a group B₄ of the formula

 in which:

W₄ is a (C₁-C₈)alkyl or a (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl, said alkyl and cycloalkyl groups being unsubstituted or substituted by one or more substituents selected from a halogen atom; a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; a cyano; a nitro; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a formyloxy; a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyloxy; an arylcarbonyl; a heteroarylcarbonyl; an oxo; an imino which is unsubstituted or substituted on the nitrogen atom by a (C₁-C₆)alkyl, a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl, a formyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl or an arylcarbonyl; a hydroxyimino which is unsubstituted or substituted on the oxygen atom by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl or a phenyl; a group —NR₃₃R₃₄ containing from zero to seven carbon atoms; a group —NR₃₅R₃₆; a group —C(═NR₃₇)NR₃₈R₃₉, in which the group —NR₃₈R₃₉ contains from zero to seven carbon atoms; and a group —CON(OR₄₀)R₄₁, said substituents being identical or different;

R₃₃ and R₃₄ are each independently a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₅)alkyl or a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; or R₃₃ and R₃₄, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₃₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₃₆ is a formyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl; an arylcarbonyl; a heteroarylcarbonyl; or a group —C(═W₅)NR₃₈R₃₉, in which the group —NR₃₈R₃₉ contains from zero to seven carbon atoms;

W₅ is an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom; a group NR₃₇; or a group CHR₄ ₂;

R₃₇ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; or R₃₇ and R₃₉ together form an ethylene group or a trimethylene group;

R₃₈ and R₃₉ are each independently a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₅)alkyl or a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; or R₃₈ and R₃₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; or R₃₈ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and R₃₉ and R₃₇ together form an ethylene group or a trimethylene group;

R₄₀ and R₄₁ are each independently a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₄₂ is a cyano; a nitro; or a group SO₂R₄₃;

R₄₃ is a (C₁-C₄)alkyl or a phenyl;

and when W₄ is a cyclic group or when a substituent of W₄ is a cyclic group or contains a cyclic group, said cyclic groups can also be substituted on a carbon atom by one or more (C₁-C₃)alkyls; and when a substituent of W₄ contains an aryl group or a heteroaryl group, said aryl or heteroaryl groups can also be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a cyano, a trifluoromethyl and a nitro, said substituents being identical or different;

v—or a group B₅ of the formula

 in which:

W₆ and W₇ are each a hydrogen; or W₆ is a hydrogen and W₇ is a hydroxyl;

W₈ is an aryl or a heteroaryl which are unsubstituted or substituted by an aryl, an arylcarbonyl, a heteroaryl or a heteroarylcarbonyl; said aryl or heteroaryl groups can also be monosubstituted or polysubstituted on the aromatic or heteroaromatic moiety and on a carbon atom by a substituent selected from a halogen atom; a cyano; a trifluoromethyl; a nitro; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₅)alkoxy; a formyloxy; a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyloxy; a group —NR₃₃R₃₄ containing from zero to seven carbon atoms; a group —NR₃₅R₃₆; a group —C(═NR₃₇)NR₃₈R₃₉, in which the group —NR₃₈R₃₉ contains from zero to seven carbon atoms; a group —COOR₄₄; a group —CONR₄₅R₄₆, in which the group NR₄₅R₄₆ contains from zero to seven carbon atoms; a mercapto; a group —S(O)_(s)R₄₇; a (C₁-C₅)alkyl; a formyl; and a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl, said substituents being identical or different; when W₆ and W₇ are each a hydrogen, W₈ is other than a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a nitro, a hydroxyl, a trifluoromethyl and a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, said substituents being identical or different; a pyridyl; a thienyl; a pyrimidyl; or an imidazolyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

or W₇ is a hydrogen and W₆ and W₈, together with a diradical W₉ and the piperidine carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a spiro ring in which W₈ is a phenyl substituted in the ortho position by a diradical W₉, which is itself joined to W₆, said phenyl being unsubstituted or substituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₃)alkyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkylthio, a (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfinyl and a (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl; the diradical W₉ is a methylene, a carbonyl or a sulfonyl; and W₆ is an oxygen atom or a group —NR₄₈—, in which R₄₈ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₃₃, R₃₄, R₃₅, R₃₆, R₃₇, R₃₈ and R₃₉ are as defined above for the group B₄;

R₄₄ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₅)alkyl; an aryl; a heteroaryl; an arylmethyl; or a heteroarylmethyl;

R₄₅ and R₄₆ are each independently a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₅)alkyl or a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; or R₄₅ and R₄₆, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

s is zero, one or two;

P₄₇ is a (C₁-C₆)alkyl; a (C₃-C₆)cycloalkyl; an aryl; or a heteroaryl; and when W₈ or a substituent of W₈ contains a cyclic group, said cyclic group can also be substituted by one or more methyls; and when a heteroaryl group forming part of W₈ or of a substituent of W₈ contains a nitrogen atom as the heteroatom, said nitrogen atom can also be substituted by a (C₁-C₅)alkyl; and when W₈ or a substituent of W₈ contains a (C₁-C₅)alkyl, (C₁-C₅)alkoxy, formyl or (C₁-C₄)-alkylcarbonyl group, said (C₁-C₅)alkyl, (C₁-C₅)alkoxy, formyl or (C₁-C₄)alkyl-carbonyl groups can also be substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy or one or more halogen atoms, with the proviso that a carbon atom bonded to a nitrogen atom or to an oxygen atom is not substituted by a hydroxyl or an alkoxy group, and with the proviso that a carbon atom in the α-position of a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl group is not substituted by a chlorine, bromine or iodine atom;

vi—or a group B₆ of the formula

 in which J₄ is:

 in which:

W₁₀ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted to trisubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl and a trifluoromethyl, said substituents being identical or different; a benzyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted to trisubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl and a trifluoromethyl, said substituents being identical or different; a naphthyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted to trisubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl and a trifluoromethyl, said substituents being identical or different; a pyridyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl and a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, said substituents being identical or different; a thienyl; a pyrimidyl; or an imidazolyl; and

W₁₁ is a group —CONHR₄₉;

R₄₉ is a group

 a group

 a group —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂;

vi₂—or a group:

vi₃—or a group:

vi₄—or a group:

 in which:

R₅₀ is a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl or a benzyl; and

R₅₁ is from one to three substituents selected from a hydrogen, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl and a (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, said substituents being identical or different;

vii—or a group B₇ of the formula

 in which:

f and g are each independently zero, one, two, three, four or five, with the proviso that f+g is equal to one, two, three, four or five;

W₁₂ is a direct bond; a (C₁-C₃)alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by an oxo, a group OR₅₂, a halogen, a trifluoromethyl or a phenyl which is itself unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by a substituent selected from a hydroxyl, a cyano, a halogen and a trifluoromethyl; a group —S(O)_(k)—; a group (C₁-C₃)alkylene-S(O)_(k)—; a group —S(O)_(k)—(C₁-C₂)alkylene; a group —S(O)_(k)—NH—; a group —S(O)_(j)—NR₅₂—; a group —S(O)_(j)—NR₅₂—(C₁-C₂)alkylene; a group —CONR₅₂—; a group —CONR₅₂—(C₁-C₂)alkylene; a group —COO—; or a group —COO—(C₁-C₂)alkylene;

W₁₃ is a group —NR₅₃—; an oxygen atom; a sulfur atom; a sulfinyl; or a sulfonyl, with the proviso that when W₁₂ is a direct bond and when W₁₄ is a (C₁-C₃)alkylene, W₁₃ is a group —NR₅₃—;

W₁₄ is a direct bond; a (C₁-C₃)alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by an oxo, a group OR₅₂, a halogen, a trifluoromethyl or a phenyl which is itself unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by a substituent selected from a group OR₅₂, a halogen and a trifluoromethyl; a group —S(O)_(k)—; a group (C₁-C₃)alkylene-S(O)_(k)—; a group —S(O)_(k)—(C₁-C₂)alkylene; a group —NHS(O)_(j)—; a group —NH—(C₁-C₂)alkylene-S(O)_(j)—; a group —S(O)_(j)NR₅₂—; a group —S(O)_(j)—NR₅₂—(C₁-C₂)alkylene; a group —NHCO—(C₁-C₂)alkylene; a group —NR₅₂—CO—; a group —NR₅₂—(C₁-C₂)alkylene—CO—; a group —OCO—; or a group (C₁-C₂)alkylene-OCO—;

W₁₅—W₁₆ together form two adjacent atoms of a cyclic radical of the formula

 said cyclic radical being, a phenyl, a naphthyl or a heteroaryl group selected from a benzimidazolyl, a benzofuranyl, a benzoxazolyl, a furanyl, an imidazolyl, an indolyl, an isoxazolyl, an isothiazolyl, an oxadiazolyl, an oxazolyl, a pyrazinyl, a pyrazolyl, a pyridyl, a pyrimidyl, a pyrrolyl, a quinolyl, a tetrazolyl, a thiadiazolyl, a thiazolyl, a thienyl and a triazolyl, and said phenyl, naphthyl or heteroaryl cyclic radical being unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by R₅₄;

k is zero, one or two;

j is one or two;

R₅₂ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a substituent selected independently from a hydroxyl, an oxo, a cyano, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl and a phenyl which is itself unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkyl, a cyano, a halogen, a trifluoromethyl or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a phenyl, a pyridyl or a thiophene, said phenyl, pyridyl or thiophene being unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by a substituent selected independently from a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a cyano, a halogen atom and a trifluoromethyl; or a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy;

R₅₃ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₈)alkyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a group —OR₅₂, an oxo, a group —NHCOR₅₂, a group —NR₅₅R₅₆, a cyano, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl and a phenyl which is itself unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxyl, a cyano, a halogen atom or a trifluoromethyl; a group —S(O)R₅₇; a group —CO₂R₅₇; a group —SO₂R₅₇; a group —COR₅₇; or a group —CONR₅₆R₅₇;

R₅₄ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a hydrogen or a hydroxyl; an oxo; a group —OR₅₂; a halogen atom; a trifluoromethyl; a nitro; a cyano; a group —NR₅₅R₅₆; a group —NR₅₅COR₅₆; a group —NR₅₅CO₂R₅₆; a group —NHS(O)_(j)R₅₂; a group —NR₅₅S(O)_(j)R₅₆; a group —CONR₅₅R₅₆; a group —COR₅₂; a group —CO₂R₅₂; a group —S(O)_(j)R₅₂; or a heteroaryl group, said heteroaryl being selected from a benzimidazolyl, a benzofuranyl, a benzoxazolyl, a furanyl, an imidazolyl, an indolyl, an isoxazolyl, an isothiazolyl, an oxadiazolyl, an oxazolyl, a pyrazinyl, a pyrazolyl, a pyridyl, a pyrimidinyl, a pyrrolyl, a quinolyl, a tetrazolyl, a thiadiazolyl, a thiazolyl, a thienyl and a triazolyl, and said heteroaryl being unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by R₅₈;

R₅₅ is R₅₂;

R₅₆ is R₅₂;

or R₅₅ and R₅₆, together with the atoms to which they are bonded, form a five-, six- or seven-membered, saturated monocyclic heterocycle containing one or two heteroatoms, said heteroatoms being selected independently from a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom, said heterocycle being unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a substituent selected from a hydroxyl, an oxo, a cyano, a halogen atom and a trifluoromethyl;

R₅₇ is a (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by a substituent selected from a hydroxyl, an oxo, a cyano, a group —OR₅₂, a group —NR₅₅R₅₆, a group —NR₅₅COR₅₆, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl and a phenyl which is itself unsubstituted or mono-, di- or tri-substituted by a substituent selected from a hydroxyl, an oxo, a cyano, a group —NHR₅₂, a group —NR₅₅R₅₆, a group —NR₅₅COR₅₆, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl and a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₅₈ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a hydrogen or a hydroxyl; an oxo; a group —OR₅₂; a trifluoromethyl; a nitro; a cyano; a group —NR₅₅R₅₆; a group —NR₅₅COR₅₆; a group —NR₅₅CO₂R₅₆; a group —NHS(O)_(j)R₅₂; a group —NR₅₅S(O)_(j)R₅₆; a group —CONR₅₅R₅₆; a group —COR₅₂; a group —CO₂R₅₂; a group —S(O)_(j)R_(52;) or a phenyl, and the group B₇ being other than the group B₅ when W₇ is a hydrogen and W₆ and W₈, together with a diradical W₉ and the piperidine carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a spiro ring;

viii—or a group B₈ of the formula

 in which:

W₁₇ is a direct bond; a double bond; or a divalent hydrocarbon radical;

W₁₈ is a radical which is joined to the carbon atom of the heterocycle either by a single bond when W₁₇ is a double bond, or by a double bond in the other cases;

W₁₉ is an unsubstituted or optionally substituted heteroatom;

W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical of which the 1-position is joined to W₁₉; and

the meanings of W₁₇, W₁₈, W₁₉ and W₂₀ are selected from:

(a) W₁₇ is a direct bond; W₁₈ is an oxo or thioxo group; W₁₉ is an oxy or thio group or a group NR₅₉; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₃; or

(b) W₁₇ is a direct bond; W₁₈ is a group NR₆₀; W₁₉ is a group NR₆₁; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₃; or

(c) W₁₇ is a double bond; W₁₈ is a group OR₆₁, SR₆₁ or NR₆₂R₆₃; W₁₉ is a nitrogen atom; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₃; or

(d) W₁₇ is a methylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups; W₁₈ is an oxo or thioxo group or a group NR₆₄; W₁₉ is an oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl group or a group NR₆₁; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₄; or

(e) W₁₇ is a direct bond; W₁₈ is an oxo or thioxo group or a group NR₆₄; W19 is a nitrogen atom; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₅; or

(f) W₁₇ is a methine group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups; W₁₈ is an oxo or thioxo group or a group NR₆₄; W₁₉ is a nitrogen atom; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₆; and

(g) W₁₇ is a cis-vinylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups; W₁₈ is an oxo or thioxo group or a group NR₆₄; W₁₉ is a nitrogen atom; and W₂₀ is a hydrocarbon radical L₇;

R₅₉ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₃)alkyl; a group —CH₂COOR₆₅; or a group —CH₂CONR₆₆R₆₇;

R₆₀ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₃)alkyl; a cyano; a nitro; or a (C₁-C₃)alkylsulfonyl group;

R₆₁ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆₂ and R₆₃ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

or R₆₂ and R₆₃, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₆₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

R₆₆ and R₆₇ are each independently a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₃)alkyl; a phenyl; or a benzyl;

L₃ is an ethylene, a cis-vinylene, a trimethylene or a tetramethylene, said hydrocarbon radical L₃ being unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups;

L₄ is an ethylene or a trimethylene, said hydrocarbon radical L₄ being unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups;

L₅ is a prop-2-en-1-yliden-3-yl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups;

L₆ is a cis-vinylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two methyl groups; and

L₇ is a methine which is unsubstituted or substituted by a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

ix—or a group B₉ of the formula

 in which J₅ is:

a group

 in which:

X₂ is a (C₁-C₆)alkyl; a group —CH₂—OR₆₈; a group —CH₂—SR₆₈; a group —CH₂—S(O)R₆₉; a group —CH₂—SO₂R₆₉; a group —COOR₆₈; a group —C(═W₂₄)NR₇₀R₇₁; a group —C(R₆₈)(OR₇₂)(OR₇₃); a group —CH₂NR₆₈C(═W₂₄)R₇₄; a group —CH₂—NR₆₈COOR₇₄; or a group —CH₂NR₆₈C(═W₂₄)NR₇₀R₇₁;

W₂₁ is a direct bond and W₂₂ is a hydrocarbon radical of which the 1-position is joined to W₂₁, the hydrocarbon radical W₂₂ being selected from a trimethylene, a tetramethylene, a cis-1-butenylene and a cis,cis-butadienylene;

or W₂₁ is a group NR₇₅ and W₂₂ is a hydrocarbon radical selected from an ethylene, a trimethylene and a cis-vinylene;

or W₂₁ is a nitrogen atom and W₂₂ is a cis,cis-prop-2-en-1-yliden-3-yl radical of which the 1-position is joined to W₂₁;

W₂₃ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

W₂₄ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

R₆₈ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₆₉ is a (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₇₀ and R₇₁ are each independently a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a hydroxyl or a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy; an ω-HO—(C₁-C₆)alkyl; an ω-(C₁-C₃)alkoxy-(C₁-C₆)alkyl; an ω-phenyl-(C₁-C₆)alkyl; an ω-R₇₆OOC—(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or an ω-R₇₇R₇₈NCO—(C₁-C₆)alkyl;

or R₇₀ and R₇₁, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a methyl group or an ethyl group;

R₇₂ and R₇₃ are each independently a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

or R₇₂ and R₇₃ together form a divalent hydrocarbon radical selected from an ethylene and a trimethylene;

R₇₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₇₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

R₇₆ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl; and

R₇₇ and R₇₈ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₃)alkyl;

x—or a group B₁₀ of the formula

 in which J₆ is:

a group

 in which:

X₁ is as defined above for the group B₁, X₁ being other than hydrogen when W₂₅ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl;

W₂₅ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; W₂₅ can also be a group —NR₇₉R₈₀ when X₁ is a hydrogen, a cyano, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl or a group —CONR₁₉R₂₀; and

R₇₉ and R₈₀ are each independently a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

or R₇₉ and R₈₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and perhydroazepine,

with the proviso that:

1/ when simultaneously:

R₂ is a methyl group or R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

T is a group —CH₂—; a group —CO—; a group —COO—; or a group —CONR₃;

A is a direct bond; a group —(CH₂)_(t)— in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group;

or —T—A— is the group —SO₂—; and

Z is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a halogen, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy or a nitro,

B is a group B₁ of the formula

 in which J₁ is a group

 in which:

x is zero;

Ar₂ is a pyrid-2-yl or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a halogen, a methyl or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; and

X₁ is other than a group selected from:

formyl;

(C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄ in which m is zero or one and R₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅ in which m is zero or one and R₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which m is one;

—NR₈R₉ in which R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₉ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl, a benzyl or a phenyl; or R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and perhydroazepine;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which p is one and R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₁ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and R₁₃ is a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, a pyridyl or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together are a group —(CH₂)_(u)— in which u is three or four;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which p is one, W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and R₁₆ is a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, a pyridyl or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which m is zero or one, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a phenyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈ in which m is zero or one, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and R₁₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, a cyano, a nitro and an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which m is zero or one, W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₄)alkyl and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a benzyl or a phenyl; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and perhydroazepine;

—(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁ in which n is zero and R₂₁ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which n is zero, W₁ is an oxygen atom and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are as defined above; and

—CN;

or X₁ does not form a double bond between the carbon atom to which it is bonded and the adjacent carbon atom of the piperidine ring; or Ar₂ and X₁, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, are other than a group of the formula

2/ when R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ is the methyl group, Ar₁ is the 3,4-dichlorophenyl group and T—A—Z is the thenoyl group, B is the group B₁ in which J is the group

in which x is one, Ar₂ is the phenyl group and X₁ is other than hydrogen;

3/ when R₁ is hydrogen, R₂ is the methyl group, Ar₁ is the 3,4-dichlorophenyl group and T—A—Z is the 2,4-dichlorobenzoyl group, B is the group B₁ in which J₁ is the group

in which x is one, Ar₂ is the phenyl group and X₁ is other than hydrogen; or

4/ when R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃—, Ar₁ is the 3,4-dichlorophenyl group and T—A—Z is the 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)acetyl group, B is the group B₁ in which J₁ is the group

in which x is one, Ar₂ is phenyl and X₁ is other than hydrogen;

and their salts, where appropriate, with mineral or organic acids.

The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention include the optically pure isomers as well as the racemates.

It is possible to form salts of the compounds of formula (I). These salts include those with mineral or organic acids which permit a suitable separation or crystallization of the compounds of formula (I), such as picric acid, oxalic acid or an optically active acid, for example a mandelic or camphosulfonic acid, as well as those with mineral or organic acids which form pharmaceutically acceptable salts such as the hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, dihydrogen-phosphate, methanesulfonate, methylsulfate, maleate, fumarate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate, glycolate, gluconate, citrate, isethionate, benzenesulfonate and paratoluenesulfonate.

More particularly, the radical Z can be a phenyl group, which can be unsubstituted or may contain one or more substituents.

When Z is a phenyl group, it can be monosubstituted or disubstituted, especially in the 2,4-position but also, for example, in the 2,3-, 4,5-, 3,4- or 3,5-position; it can also be trisubstituted, especially in the 2,4,6-position but also, for example, in the 2,3,4-, 2,3,5-, 2,4,5- or 3,4,5-position, tetrasubstituted, for example in the 2,3,4,5-position, or pentasubstituted.

The radical Z can also be a bicyclic aromatic group such as 1- or 2-naphthyl or 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-indenyl, in which one or more bonds can be hydrogenated, it being possible for said groups to be unsubstituted or optionally to contain one or more substituents such as alkyl, phenyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, oxo, alkylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl, thioalkyl, halogen, alkoxy and trifluoromethyl groups, in which the alkyls are C₁-C₄.

The radical Z can also be a group Z* selected from pyridyl, thiadiazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, imidazolyl, benzimidazolyl, benzotriazolyl, benzofuranyl, benzothienyl, benzothiazolyl, benzisothiazolyl, quinolyl, isoquinolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzisoxazolyl, benzoxazinyl, benzodioxinyl, isoxazolyl, benzopyranyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, furyl, pyranyl, chromenyl, isobenzofuranyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, indolizinyl, phthalazinyl, quinazolinyl, acridinyl, isothiazolyl, isochromanyl and chromanyl, in which one or more double bonds can be hydrogenated, it being possible for said groups to be unsubstituted or optionally to contain one or more substituents such as alkyl, phenyl, cyano, hydroxyalkyl, hydroxyl, alkylcarbonylamino, alkoxycarbonyl and thioalkyl groups, in which the alkyl and alkoxy groups are C₁-C₄.

In the present description the alkyl or alkoxy groups are linear or branched; halogen atom is understood as meaning a chlorine, bromine, fluorine or iodine atom.

In the present description, when B is a group B₄ or B₅, aryl is understood as meaning a phenyl radical or a C₉-C₁₀ ortho-fused bicyclic carbocyclic radical in which at least one of the rings is aromatic; heteroaryl is understood as meaning either a five- or six-membered monocyclic aromatic heterocycle containing from one to four heteroatoms, said heteroatoms being selected from an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom, and said heterocycle being bonded by a carbon atom of the ring, or an eight- to ten-membered ortho-fused bicyclic aromatic heterocycle containing from one to four heteroatoms as defined above.

In the substituents of the group Z=phenyl, (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl is understood as meaning for example a methyl, an ethyl, an n-propyl, an isopropyl, an n-butyl, an isobutyl, a sec-butyl, a tert-butyl, a pentyl or n-pentyl, a hexyl or n-hexyl, a heptyl or n-heptyl, an octyl or n-octyl, a nonyl or n-nonyl or a decyl or n-decyl; (C₃-C₈)-cycloalkyl optionally substituted by a methyl is understood as meaning for example a cyclopropyl, a cyclobutyl, a cyclopentyl, a 1-, 2- or 3-methylcyclopentyl, a cyclohexyl, a 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-methylcyclohexyl, a cycloheptyl or a cyclooctyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy is understood as meaning for example a methoxy, an ethoxy, an n-propoxy, an isopropoxy, an n-butoxy, an isobutoxy, a sec-butoxy, a tert-butoxy, a pentoxy, a hexyloxy, a heptyloxy, an octyloxy, a nonyloxy or a decyloxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy optionally substituted by a methyl is understood as meaning for example a cyclopropoxy, a cyclobutoxy, a cyclopentoxy, a 1-, 2- or 3-methylcyclopentoxy, a cyclohexyloxy, a 1-, 2-, 3- or 4-methylcyclohexyloxy, a cycloheptyloxy or a cyclooctyloxy; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio is understood as meaning for example a methylthio, an ethylthio, an n-propylthio, an isopropylthio, an n-butylthio, an isobutylthio, a sec-butylthio, a tert-butylthio, a pentylthio, a hexylthio, a heptylthio, an octylthio, a nonylthio or a decylthio; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy is understood as meaning for example an acetoxy, a propionyloxy, a butyryloxy, a valeryloxy, a caproyloxy or a heptanoyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino is understood as meaning for example an acetylamino, a propionylamino, a butyrylamino, an isobutyrylamino, a valerylamino, a caproylamino or an heptanoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl is understood as meaning for example a methoxycarbonyl, an ethoxycarbonyl, an n-propoxycarbonyl, an isopropoxycarbonyl, an n-butoxycarbonyl, an isobutoxycarbonyl, a sec-butoxycarbonyl or a tert-butoxycarbonyl; and (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl is understood as meaning for example a cyclopropoxycarbonyl, a cyclobutoxycarbonyl, a cyclopentoxycarbonyl, a cyclohexyloxycarbonyl or a cycloheptyloxycarbonyl.

The invention relates particularly to compounds of formula (I) in which:

Z is Z* as defined above;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

T is a group —CO—;

A is a direct bond; and

B is as defined for a compound of formula (I),

and their salts, where appropriate, with mineral or organic acids.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

Z* is as defined above; and

B* is a group of the formula

 in which J* is:

i*—either a group of the structure

 in which:

W* is a phenyl or a benzyl and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are as defined for a compound of formula (I);

or W* is a group —NR₇₉R₈₀ in which R₇₉ and R₈₀ are as defined for (I) and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each hydrogen;

i**—or a group of the structure

 in which:

R* is hydrogen, a methyl group, an acetyl group, a methoxycarbonyl group, a dimethylaminocarbonyl group or a methanesulfonyl group,

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are advantageous.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

B* is as defined for a compound of formula (I*); and

Z** is a pyridyl, for example a 4-pyridyl, a 2-thienyl, a 3-thienyl, a 2-furyl or a 3-furyl,

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly advantageous.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

Z** is as defined for a compound of formula (I**),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are of very great interest.

Advantageously the radical Z is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a halogen atom, more particularly a chlorine, fluorine or iodine atom, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a hydroxyl or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a naphthyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a halogen, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a hydroxyl or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a pyridyl; a thienyl; an indolyl; a quinolyl; a benzothienyl; or an imidazolyl.

The invention relates particularly to compounds of formula (I) in which:

Z is Z′ and is:

a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom; a trifluoromethyl; a cyano; a hydroxyl; a nitro; an amino which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; a benzylamino; a carboxyl; a (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; a (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a methyl; a (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; a (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a methyl; a mercapto; a (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; a formyloxy; a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; a formylamino; a (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; a benzoylamino; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; a ureido which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and a (pyrrolidin-1-yl)-carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different;

a naphthyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a halogen, a trifluoromethyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a hydroxyl or a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or

a pyridyl; a thienyl; an indolyl; a quinolyl; a benzothienyl; or an imidazolyl,

and their salts with mineral or organic acids.

The substituent Ar₁ is preferably a phenyl group which is advantageously substituted by two chlorine atoms, more particularly in the 3- and 4-positions.

According to the present invention, the preferred compounds are those in which simultaneously:

Z is Z′;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃ or —(CH₂)₄—; and

B, T and A are as defined for a compound of formula (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

When B is a group B₃, W₃ is advantageously an oxygen or sulfur atom, R₂₈ is hydrogen, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl, a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, preferably cyclohexyl, or a (C₃-C₄)alk-2-en-1-yl, preferably allyl, and R₂₉ is hydrogen, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl or a (C₁-C₄)alkylamino, preferably methylamino, or, only when R₂₈ is other than hydrogen, R₂₉ is a di(C₁-C₅)alkylamino, preferably dimethylamino, or R₂₈ and R₂₉ together are a 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene or cis,cis-1,4-butadienylene group. Consequently the compounds of formula (I) in which B is B₃ and W₃, R₂₈ and R₂₉ are as just defined, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are advantageous products.

The compounds of this subclass of formula (I) in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₃ in which:

either W₃ is oxygen, R₂₉ is a (C₁-C₄)alkyl or a trifluoromethyl and R₂₈ is a (C₁-C₆)alkyl, especially an ethyl;

or W₃ is oxygen, R₂₈ is an allyl or a cyclohexyl and R₂₉ is a methyl;

or W₃ is oxygen, R₂₈ is an ethyl and R₂₉ is a methylamino or a dimethylamino;

or W₃ is oxygen and R₂₈ and R₂₉ together form a 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene or cis,cis-1,4-butadienyl group;

or W₃ is sulfur and R₂₈ and R₂₉ together form a 1,4-butylene group;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for a compound of formula (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

When B is a group B₄, W₄ is advantageously a (C₁-C₈)alkyl group substituted by a hydroxyl, oxo, hydroxyimino, (C₁-C₄)alkoxyimino, (C₁-C₄)alkanoyloxy, (C₁-C₄)alkanoylamino or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy group or at the same time by an oxo group and a hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy group or a group —NR₃₃R₃₄. Consequently the compounds of formula (I) in which B is a group B₄ and W₄ is an alkyl group substituted by a hydroxyl, oxo, hydroxyimino, (C₁-C₄)alkoxyimino, (C₁-C₄)alkanoyloxy, (C₁-C₄)alkanoylamino or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy group or at the same time by an oxo group and a hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy group or a group —NR₃₃R₃₄, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are advantageous products.

The compounds of this subclass of formula (I) in which simultaneously:

B is B₄ in which: W₄ is 1-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybut-2-yl, 4-hydroxyhept-4-yl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyiminopropyl (syn or anti), 1-methoxyiminopropyl (syn or anti), 2-acetoxyethyl, 2-acetamidoethyl, carboxyl, ethoxycarbonyl or pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for a compound of formula (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

When B is a group B₅, W₆ is advantageously a hydrogen, W₇ is a hydroxyl and W₈ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by a methoxy, a hydroxyl, a methylthio or a methylsulfinyl; or W₆ and W₇ are hydrogen and W₈ is a pyridyl, pyrimidyl or thienyl group substituted by a halogen, especially chlorine or fluorine, or by one of the following groups: cyano, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₅)alkoxy, especially methoxy or ethoxy, formyloxy, (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyloxy, especially acetoxy, amino, methylamino, dimethylamino, acetamido, imidazolin-2-yl, carboxyl, methoxycarbonyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, carbamoyl, N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl, pyrrolidinocarbonyl, N-methylcarbamoyl, methylthio, methylsulfinyl, methylsulfonyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, especially methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, isopropyl, 2-methylpropyl or tert-butyl, formyl or (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl, especially acetyl or propionyl; an indenyl, naphthyl, furyl, pyrrolyl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl or benz[d]isoxazol-3-yl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one of the substituents mentioned above for the pyridyl, pyrimidyl or thienyl groups; an imidazol-2-yl substituted by one of the substituents mentioned above for the pyridyl, pyrimidyl or thienyl groups, except for a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; or a phenyl group substituted by one of the substituents mentioned above for the pyridyl, pyrimidyl or thienyl groups, except for halogens and hydroxyl, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl and (C₁-C₄)alkoxy groups; or W₇ is hydrogen and W₆ and W₈, together with a diradical W₉ and the piperidine carbon atom to which they are bonded, form a spiro ring in which W₈ is a phenyl substituted in the ortho position by the diradical W₉, which is itself joined to W₆, said phenyl being unsubstituted or substituted by a methoxy, a hydroxyl, a methylthio or a methylsulfinyl; the diradical W₉ is a methylene or a carbonyl; and W₆ is an oxy group. Consequently the compounds of formula (I) in which B is B₅ and W₆, W₇ and W₈ are as just defined, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are advantageous products.

The compounds of this subclass of formula (I) in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₅ in which: W₇ is a hydroxyl, W₆ is a hydrogen and W₈ is a phenyl; or W₆ and W₇ are hydrogen and W₈ is selected from the following groups: 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 4-ethoxycarbonylimidazol-2-yl, 2-fluoropyrid-3-yl, 2-methylthiophenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 2-methylsulfinylphenyl, 4-methylsulfinylphenyl and 4-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenyl; or W₇ is hydrogen and W₆ and W₈, together with the piperidine to which they are bonded, form a spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperid]-1′-yl group or a 3-oxospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperid]-1′-yl group;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for a compound of formula (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

Another group of preferred compounds of the invention consists of the compounds of formula (I) in which R₁, R₂, Ar₁, T, A and Z are as defined above for (I) and B is the group B₆.

The particularly preferred compounds of formula (I) are those in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₆;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for a compound of formula (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

When B is a group B₇, f is advantageously one and g is two, or f is one and g is one and W₁₂, W₁₃, W₁₄, W₁₅ and W₁₆, together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, form one of the structures 1 to 201 described below, optionally substituted by a halogen, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy:

Consequently the compounds of formula (I) in which B is B₇ and g, f, W₁₂, W₁₃, W₁₄, W₁₅ and W₁₆ are as just defined, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are advantageous products.

The compounds of this subclass of formula (I) in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₇ selected from:

a) a 1-methanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

b) a 1-benzyloxycarbonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

c) a spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

d) a 1-acetylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

e) a 1-propionylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

f) a 1-formylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

g) a 1-tert-butylcarbonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

h) a 1-methylaminocarbonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

i) a 1-ethoxycarbonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

j) a 1-ethanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

k) a 1-isopropanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

l) a 1′-methyl-1-methanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperidinio-1′)iodide

m) a 1-(2-aminoacetyl)spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

n) a 1-methylspiro(indol-2-one-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

o) a 2-methylspiro(isoindol-1-one-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

p) a spiro(2-oxotetrahydroquinoline-4,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

q) a 1-methylspiro(2-oxotetrahydroquinoline-4,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

r) a spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

s) a 5-fluorospiro(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

t) a spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

u) a spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)1-oxide

v) a spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)1,1-dioxide

w) a 5-fluoro-1-methanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

x) a 1-methanesulfonyl-5-methoxyspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

y) a 1-methanesulfonyl-5-methylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

z) a 5-chloro-1-methanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

aa) a 7-fluoro-1-methanesulfonylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

ab) a 1-acetyl-5-fluorospiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

ac) a 1-acetyl-5-chlorospiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

ad) a 1-acetyl-5-methylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

ae) a 1-acetyl-6-fluorospiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

af) a 1-acetyl-4-fluorospiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)

ag) a 1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl);

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

When B is a group B₈, W₁₇ is advantageously a direct bond or a methylene group, preferably a direct bond, W₁₈ is an oxo, thioxo, imino, methylimino or ethylimino group, preferably an oxo or thioxo group, W₁₉ is an oxy or thio group or a group NH, preferably an oxy group or a group NH, and W₂₀ is an ethylene, cis-vinylene or trimethylene group. Consequently the compounds of formula (I) in which B is B₈ and W₁₇, W₁₈, W₁₉ and W₂₀ are as just defined, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are advantageous products.

The compounds of this subclass of formula (I) in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₈ in which: W₁₇ is a direct bond, W₁₈ is an oxo or thioxo group, W₁₉ is an oxy group or a group NH and W₂₀ is an ethylene or trimethylene group;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

Another group of preferred compounds of the invention consists of the compounds of formula (I) in which R₁, R₂, Ar₁, T, A and Z are as defined above for (I) and B is the group B₉.

The particularly preferred compounds of formula (I) are those in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₉ in which: X₂ is a group —COOR₆₈ or a group —C(═W₂₄)NR₇₀R₇₁ and W₂₁, W₂₂ and W₂₃, together with the nitrogen atom, form a 2-oxopiperidino group or a 2-oxoperhydropyrimidin-1-yl group;

R and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Another group of preferred compounds of the invention consists of the compounds of formula (I) in which R₁, R₂, Ar₁, T, A and Z are as defined above for (I) and B is the group B₁₀.

The particularly preferred compounds of formula (I) are those in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₁₀;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′; and

T and A are as defined above for (I),

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

The more particularly preferred compounds of formula (I) are those in which simultaneously:

B is a group B₁₀ in which J₆ is a group

 in which:

W₂₅ is a piperid-1-yl and X₁ is a hydrogen, or W₂₅ is an azetidin-1-yl, a pyrrolidin-1-yl, a piperid-1-yl, a morpholin-4-yl, a thiomorpholin-4-yl or a perhydroazepin-1-yl and X₁ is a carbamoyl;

R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃—;

Ar₁ is a 3,4-dichlorophenyl;

Z=Z′;

T is a group —CO—; and

A is a direct bond,

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Another group of preferred compounds of the invention are those of the formula

in which:

Ar′₁ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)-alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different;

A′ is a direct bond or a group —CH₂—;

Z′ is as defined above; and

B_(a) is a group B_(1a) of the formula

 in which J_(1a) is a group

 in which:

x is zero;

Ar_(2a) is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different; and

X_(1a) is a group selected from:

hydrogen;

(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄ in which m is two and R₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅ in which:

m is two and R₅ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl; or

m is zero or one and R₅ is a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which m is zero or two;

—O—CH₂—CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a hydrogen; a(C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇ in which n is zero or one and R₇ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which j is one or two;

—NR₈R₉ in which R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a piperazine heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which p is two and R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₁ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₃ is a vinyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl;

—NR₁₄COCOR₁₅ in which R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which p is two, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl; or p is one, W₁ is a sulfur atom and R₁₄ and R₁₆ are as just defined, or W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ is as just defined and R₁₆ is a vinyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which m is two, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a phenyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈ in which m is two, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, a cyano, a nitro and an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which m is two, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; or m is zero or one, W₁ is a sulfur atom and R₁₄, R₁₉ and R₂₀ are as just defined, or W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ and R₁₉ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₀ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a piperazine heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁ in which n is one and R₂₁ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; or n is zero and R₂₁ is a hydrogen;

—(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which n is one, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl; or n is zero, W₁ is a sulfur atom and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are as just defined, or W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₉ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₀ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a piperazine heterocycle which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—CO—NR₂₂NR₂₃R₂₄ in which R₂₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

in which R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; and

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

B′_(a) is a group B′_(1a) of the formula

 in which J′_(1a) is a group

 in which:

x is zero;

Ar_(2a) is as defined for a compound of formula (Ia); and

X′_(1a) is a group selected from:

—O—CH₂—CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₃ is a vinyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl;

—NR₁₄COCOR₁₅ in which R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which p is one, W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₆ is a vinyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which m is zero, W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, R₁₉ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₀ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls;

—CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄ in which R₂₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

in which R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; and

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

X″_(1a) is a group selected from:

—O—CH₂—CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl, preferably a hydrogen or an acetyl;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, preferably a hydrogen, and R₁₃ is a vinyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl, preferably a furyl or a thienyl;

—NR₁₄COCOR₁₅ in which R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, preferably a hydrogen, and R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, preferably an ethoxy; and

in which R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, preferably a hydrogen, and R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; R₂₆ and R₂₇ are preferably a hydrogen; and

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are more particularly preferred.

Another group of preferred compounds of the invention are those of the formula

in which:

Ar′₁ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different;

A′ is a direct bond or a group —CH₂—;

Z′ is as defined above; and

B_(b) is a group B_(1b) of the formula

 in which J_(1b) is a group

 in which:

x is one;

Ar_(2a) is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different; and

X_(1b) is a group selected from:

hydrogen;

(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

formyl;

(C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH—(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—O—CH₂CH₂ —OR₆;

—(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇;

—CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—NR₈R₉;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃;

—NR₁₄COCOR₁₅;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W_(1)NR) ₁₉R₂₀;

—(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁;

—(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀;

—CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄;

—CN;

or X_(1b) forms a double bond between the carbon atom to which it is bonded and the adjacent carbon atom of the piperidine ring,

in which groups:

m is zero, one or two;

n is zero or one;

p is one or two;

j is one or two;

W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom;

R₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₅ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl;

R₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

R₇ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₈ and R₉ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₉ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl, a benzyl or a phenyl;

or R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₁ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl;

R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₁₃ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl;

or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together are a group —(CH₂)_(u)— in which u is three or four;

R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy;

R₁₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl;

R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a phenyl;

R₁₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, a cyano, a nitro and an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different;

R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls;

or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

R₂₁ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₂₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; and

R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl,

with the proviso that:

when Ar′₁ is the 3,4-dichlorophenyl group and —A′—Z′ is the 3-methoxybenzyl group, B_(b) is the group B_(1b) of the formula

 in which J_(1b) is the group

in which x is one, Ar_(2a) is a phenyl group and X_(1b) is other than hydrogen, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

B′_(b) is a group B′_(1b) of the formula

 in which J′_(1b) is a group

 in which:

x is one;

Ar_(2a) is as defined for a compound of formula (Ib); and

X′_(1b) is as group selected from:

(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄ in which m is one or two and R₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅ in which:

m is zero and R₅ is a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl; or

m is one or two and R₅ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH—(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which m is zero, one or two;

—O—CH₂—CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C ₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇ in which n is zero or one and R₇ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which j is one or two;

—NR₈R₉ in which R₈ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₉ is a (C₃-C₇)cyclo-alkylmethyl or a benzyl; or R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which p is one or two and R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₁ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₃ is a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together are a group —(CH₂)_(u)— in which u is three or four;

—NR₁₄COCOR₁₅ in which R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which p is one or two, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which m is zero, one or two, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁ -C₇)alkyl and R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a phenyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈ in which m is zero, one or two, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, a cyano, a nitro and an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which m is zero, one or two, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)-cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁ in which n is one and R₂₁ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which n is zero or one, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄ in which R₂₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

in which R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; and

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

X″_(1b) is a group selected from:

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which p is one and R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each a hydrogen;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which p is one, W₁ is an oxygen atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₆ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, preferably an ethyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which m is zero, R₁₄ is a hydrogen and R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, preferably an ethyl; and

—(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which n is zero, W₁ is an oxygen atom and R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, preferably pyrrolidine,

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are more particularly preferred.

Another group of preferred compounds of the invention are those of the formula

in which:

Ar′₁ is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different;

A′ is a direct bond or a group —CH₂—;

Z′ is as defined above; and

B_(c) is a group B_(1c) of the formula

 in which J_(1c) is a group

 in which:

x is zero or one;

Ar_(2a) is a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy, a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl and a methylenedioxy, said substituents being identical or different; and

X_(1b) is as defined above for a compound of formula (I_(b)), and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts.

Among these compounds, those of the formula

in which:

B′_(c) is a group B′_(1c) of the formula

 in which J′_(1c) is a group

 in which:

x is zero or one;

Ar_(2a) is as defined for a compound of formula (Ic); and

X′_(1b) is a group selected from:

(C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄ in which m is one or two and R₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅ in which m is zero and R₅ is a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl; or m is one or two and R₅ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; or a pyridyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH—(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which m is zero, one or two;

—O—CH₂—CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a formyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇ in which n is zero or one and R₇ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl in which j is one or two;

—NR₈R₉ in which R₈ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₉ is a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl; or R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which p is one or two, R₁₀ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₁ is a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a (C₃-C₇))cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl;

—NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₃ is a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together form a group —(CH₂)_(u) in which u is three or four;

—NR₁₄COCOR₁₅ in which R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy;

—(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which p is one or two, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₆ is a hydrogen; a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; a (C₃-C₇))cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; a phenyl; a benzyl; a vinyl; a pyridyl; a furyl; a thienyl; a pyrrolyl; or an imidazolyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which m is zero, one or two, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₇ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a phenyl;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈ in which m is zero, one or two, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or a phenyl which is unsubstituted or monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from a halogen atom, a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a trifluoromethyl, a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl, a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, a cyano, a nitro and an amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different;

—(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which m is zero, one or two, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁ in which n is one and R₂₁ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

—(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which n is zero or one, W₁ is an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom and R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be a (C₃-C₇))cycloalkyl; a (C₃-C₇))cycloalkylmethyl; a hydroxyl; a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; a benzyl; a phenyl; or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, a phenyl, a carboxyl, a (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or a carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

—CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄ in which R₂₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl;

in which R₂₅ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be a formyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; and

and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are particularly preferred.

The following compounds:

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(4-piperidinopiperid-1-yl)propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(4-carbamoyl-4-piperidinopiperid-1-yl)propyl]piperidine;

3-[3-[4-(acryloyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

3-[3-[4-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

3-[3-(4-acetyl-4-benzylpiperid-1-yl)propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

3-[3-[4-(acetylamino)-4-benzylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-[3-[4-benzyl-4-(propionylaminomethyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-[3-[4-benzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-[3-[4-benzyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]perhydroazepine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

3-[3-[4-(2-acetoxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-furoylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-thenoylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-isonicotinoyl-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[1-acetylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)]propyl]piperidine;

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-(2-thenoyl)piperidine;

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-(3-thenoyl)piperidine;

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(2-furoyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-(3-furoyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

3-[3-[4-(2-amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(ethoxalylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(4-carbamoyl-4-morpholinopiperid-1-yl)propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[1-(methoxycarbonyl)spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)]propyl]piperidine;

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[ I -(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)]propyl]piperidine; and

1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[1-(methanesulfonyl)spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)]propyl]piperidine,

in the form of racemates or one of their (+) or (−) enantiomers, and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are very particularly preferred according to the present invention.

The invention further relates, where they exist, to the solvates of the compounds of the invention and their salts, namely the compounds of formulae (I), (I*), (I**), (I**a), (Ia), (I′a), (I″a), (Ib), (I′b), (I″b), (Ic) and (I′c) and their salts.

The compounds according to the invention are obtained by known methods, particularly those described in patent applications EP-A-474 561 and EP-A-512 901.

One of the methods suitable for obtaining the compounds of formula (I) and their salts is described below.

According to this method:

1) a compound of the formula

in which Ar₁, R₁ and R₂ are as defined for a compound of formula (I) and E is hydrogen or an O-protecting group, is treated:

either with a halogenated derivative of the formula

Hal-CH₂—A—Z  (III)

in which Hal is a halogen atom, preferably bromine, and A and Z are as defined for a compound of formula (I), when it is desired to prepare a compound of formula (I) in which T is a group —CH₂—;

or with a functional derivative of an acid of the formula

HO—CO—A—Z  (IIIa)

in which A and Z are as defined above, when it is desired to prepare a compound of formula (I) in which T is a group —CO—;

or with a chloroformate of the formula

Cl—COO—A—Z  (IIIb)

in which A and Z are as defined above, when it is desired to prepare a compound of formula (I) in which T is group —COO—;

or with an isocyanate of the formula

O═C═N—A—Z  (IIIc)

in which A and Z are as defined above, when it is desired to prepare a compound of formula (I) in which T is a group —CO—NR₃— in which R₃is hydrogen;

or with a carbamoyl chloride of the formula

in which A and Z are as defined above and R′₃ is a (C₁-C₄)alkyl, when it is desired to prepare a compound of formula (I) in which T is —CONR₃— in which R₃is a (C₁-C₄)alkyl;

or with a sulfonyl chloride of the formula

Cl—SO₂—Z  (IIIe)

in which Z is as defined above, when it is desired to prepare a compound of formula (I) in which —T—A— is a group —SO₂—,

to give a compound of the formula

2) the O-protecting group, if present, is removed from the compound of formula (IV), by reaction with an acid or a base, to give the alcohol of the formula

3) the alcohol (V) is treated with a compound of the formula

G—SO₂—Cl  (VI)

in which G is a methyl, phenyl, tolyl or trifluoromethyl group, to give a compound of the formula

4) the compound (VII) is reacted:

either with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which J′₁ is:

either a group

in which Ar₂ and x are as defined for (I) and X′₁ is either X₁ as defined for (I), or a precursor of X₁, it being understood that when X₁, contains a hydroxyl group or an amino group, these groups can be protected;

or a group

in which Ar₂ is as defined for (I);

or a group

in which Ar₂ is as defined for (I);

or a group

in which Ar₂ is as defined for (I);

or a group

in which Ar₂, Am₁ and r are as defined for (I);

or a group

in which Ar₂ and W₂ are as defined for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which J₂ is as defined above for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which J₃is as defined above for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which W₄ is as defined above for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which W₆, W₇ and W₈ are as defined above for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which J₄ is as defined above for (I);

or with a compound of the formula

 in which f, g, W₁₂, W₁₃, W₁₄, W₁₅ and W₁₆ are as defined above for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which W₁₇, W_(18,) W₁₉ and W₂₀ are as defined above for (I);

or with a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which J₅ is as defined above for (I);

or a cyclic secondary amine of the formula

 in which J′₆ is a group

in which W₂₅ is as defined above for (I) and X′₁ is X₁ as defined for (I), or a precursor of X₁, it being understood that when X′₁ contains a hydroxyl group or an amino group, these groups can be protected; and

5) after deprotection of the hydroxyl groups or amino groups, if appropriate, or conversion of X′₁ to X₁, if appropriate, the resulting product is optionally converted to one of its salts with a mineral or organic acid.

In one variant of the method:

1′) the nitrogen atom of the compound of formula (II) is protected to give a compound of the formula

in which Ar₁, R₁ and R₂ are as defined for a compound of formula (I), E is hydrogen or an O-protecting group and Pr is an N-protecting group such as the tert-butoxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl group;

2′) the O-protecting group is eventually removed from the compound of formula (XVII), by reaction with an acid or a base, to give the alcohol of the formula

3′) the alcohol (XVIII) is treated with a compound of formula (VI) as defined above to give a compound of the formula

4′) the compound (XIX) is reacted with a compound of formula (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (VIIIc), (VIIId), (VIIIe), (VIIIf), (VIIIg), (VIIIh), (VIIIi) or (VIIIj) as defined above to give a compound of the formula

in which B is as defined for a compound of formula (I), it being understood that when B contains a hydroxal group or an amino group, these groups can be protected;

5′) the protecting group Pr is selectively removed from the compound of formula (XX) to give the compound of the formula

6′) the compound of formula (XXI) is treated with a compound of formula (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId) or (IIIe) as defined above; and

7′) after deprotection of the hydroxyl groups or amino groups, if appropriate, the resulting product is optionally converted to one of its salts with a mineral or organic acid.

More particularly, the compounds of formula (I*) and their salts, especially pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are prepared by the variant of the general method described above in which:

1*) a compound of the formula

in which G is a methyl, phenyl, tolyl or trifluoromethyl group and Pr is an N-protecting group such as the trityl, tert-butoxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl group, is reacted with a compound of the formula

in which J* is as defined for a compound of formula (I*), to give a compound of the formula

2*) the protecting group Pr is selectively removed from the compound of formula (XX*) to give the compound of the formula

3*) the compound of formula (XXI*) is treated with a functional derivative of an acid of the formula

HO—CO—Z*  (III*)

in which Z* is as defined for a compound of formula (I*); and

4*) after deprotection, if appropriate, the resulting product (I*) is optionally converted to one of its salts with a mineral or organic acid.

During any one of the steps for the preparation of the compounds of formula (I) or (I*), and more particularly when using compounds of formula (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (VIIIc), (VIIIe), (VIIIf), (VIIIg), (VIIIh), (VIIIi), (VIIIj) or (VIII*) or intermediates of formula (II), (IV), (XX), (XXI), (XX*) or (XXI*), it may be necessary and/or desirable to protect the reactive or sensitive functional groups, such as the amine, hydroxyl or carboxyl groups, present on any one of the molecules in question. This protection can be effected using the conventional protecting groups such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, J. F. W. McOmie, published by Plenum Press, 1973, and in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, T. W. Greene and P. G. M. Wutts, published by John Wiley & Sons, 1991. The protecting groups can be removed in an appropriate subsequent step by using the methods known to those skilled in the art which do not affect the rest of the molecule in question.

Thus, when E is an O-protecting group, it is selected from the conventional O-protecting groups known to those skilled in the art, for example tetrahydropyran-2-yl, benzoyl and a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl.

The O-protecting groups which may be used to obtain a compound of formula (I) in which X₁ contains a hydroxyl are the conventional O-protecting groups known to those skilled in the art, as defined above for E.

The N-protecting groups which may be used to obtain a compound of formula (I) in which X₁ contains an amino group are the conventional N-protecting groups known to those skilled in the art, for example the trityl, methoxytrityl, tert-butoxycarbonyl or benzyloxycarbonyl group.

In step 1) of the method or in step 6′) of the variant, when using a halogenated derivative of formula (III), the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, in the presence of a base such as potassium tert-butylate, sodium hydride or lithium diisopropylamide, at a temperature between 0° C. and 80° C.

In step 1), in step 6′) or in step 3*), the functional derivative of the acid (IIIa) or (III*) used is the acid itself or one of the functional derivatives which react with amines, for example an anhydride, a mixed anhydride, the acid chloride or an activated ester such as the paranitrophenyl ester.

When using the acid of formula (IIIa) or (III*) itself, the reaction is carried out in the presence of a coupling agent used in peptide chemistry, such as 1,3-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino) phosphonium hexafluorophosphate, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or N,N-diisopropylethylamine, in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane or N,N-dimethylformamide, at a temperature between 0° C. and room temperature.

When using an acid chloride, the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane or benzene, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine or N-methylmorpholine, at a temperature between −60° C. and room temperature.

When using a chloroformate of formula (IIIb), the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, at a temperature between 0° C. and room temperature, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

When using an isocyanate of formula (IIIc), the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane or benzene, at room temperature.

When using a carbamoyl chloride of formula (IIId), the reaction is carried out in a solvent such as toluene or 1,2-dichloroethane, at a temperature between 0° C. and 110° C., in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

When using a sulfonyl chloride of formula (IIIe), the reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, at a temperature between −20° C. and room temperature.

In step 2) of the method or in step 2′) of the variant, the compound of formula (IV) or the compound of formula (XVII) thus obtained is deprotected, if appropriate, by the methods known to those skilled in the art. For example, when E is a tetrahydropyran-2-yl group, the deprotection is effected by acid hydrolysis using hydrochloric acid in a solvent such as ether, methanol or a mixture of these solvents, or using pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate in a solvent such as methanol, or else using an Amberlyst® resin in a solvent such as methanol. The reaction is carried out at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent. When E is a benzoyl group or a (C₁-C₄)alkylcarbonyl group, the deprotection is effected by hydrolysis in an alkaline medium using, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide or lithium hydroxide, in an inert solvent such as water, methanol, ethanol, dioxane or a mixture of these solvents, at a temperature between 0° C. and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

In step 3) of the method or in step 3′) of the variant, the reaction of the alcohol of formula (V) or the alcohol of formula (XVIII) with a sulfonyl chloride of formula (VI) is carried out in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, pyridine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine or N-methylmorpholine, in an inert solvent such as dichloromethane, benzene or toluene, at a temperature between −20° C. and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

In step 4) or in step 4′), the compound (VII) or the compound (XIX) thus obtained is reacted with a compound of formula (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (VIIIc), (VIIIe), (VIIIf), (VIIIg), (VIIIh), (VIIIi) or (VIIIj); in step 1*), the compound (XIX*) is reacted with a compound of formula (VIII*). The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as N,N-dimethylformamide, acetonitrile, methylene chloride, toluene, isopropanol or a mixture of these solvents, in the presence or absence of a base. When using a base, it is selected from organic bases such as triethylamine, N,N-diisopropylethylamine and N-methylmorpholine, or from alkali metal carbonates and bicarbonates such as potassium carbonate, sodium carbonate and sodium bicarbonate. In the absence of a base, the reaction is carried out using an excess of the compound of formula (VIIIa), (VIIIb), (VIIIc), (VIIIe), (VIIIf), (VIIIg), (VIIIh), (VIIIi), (VIIIj) or (VIII*) and optionally in the presence of an alkali metal iodide such as potassium iodide or sodium iodide. The reaction is carried out at a temperature between room temperature and 100° C.

In step 5′) of the variant or in step 2*), the compound of formula (XX) obtained or the compound of formula (XX*) obtained is deprotected by the methods known to those skilled in the art.

The compounds of formula (I) according to the invention are finally obtained after deprotection of the hydroxyl groups or amino groups, if appropriate, or conversion of X′₁ to X₁, if appropriate.

The compounds of formula (1) or (I*) are isolated in the form of the free base or a salt by the conventional techniques.

Thus, when the compound of formula (I) or (I*) is obtained in the form of the free base, salification is effected by treatment with the chosen acid in an organic solvent. Treatment of the free base, dissolved for example in an ether such as diethyl ether, in an alcohol such as propan-2-ol, in acetone, in dichloromethane or in ethyl acetate, with a solution of the chosen acid in the same solvent gives the corresponding salt, which is isolated by the conventional techniques.

The hydrochloride, hydrobromide, sulfate, hydrogensulfate, dihydrogen-phosphate, methanesulfonate, oxalate, maleate, fumarate, naphthalene-2-sulfonate and benzenesulfonate, for example, are prepared in this way.

When the reaction has ended, the compounds of formula (I) or (I*) can be isolated in the form of one of their salts, for example the hydrochloride; in this case, if necessary, the free base can be prepared by neutralization of said salt with a mineral or organic base such as sodium hydroxide or triethylamine, or with an alkali metal carbonate or bicarbonate such as sodium or potassium carbonate or bicarbonate.

The compounds of formula (II) are obtained by known methods, particularly those described in patent applications EP-A-0 428 434, EP-A-0 474 561 and EP-A-0 512 901.

In particular, a compound of formula (II) in which R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₃— and E is a hydrogen can be prepared according to SCHEME 1 below:

In step 1, the reaction of a compound of formula (IX) with methyl acrylate, in the presence of a base such as Triton® B or 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene (DBU), gives the compound of formula (X). The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as 1,4-dioxane or tetrahydrofuran, at a temperature between 60° C. and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

In step 2, the compound of formula (X) is hydrogenated in the presence of a catalyst such as Raney® nickel to give the compound of formula (XI). The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as an alkanol, preferably ethanol or 2-methoxyethanol, at a temperature between room temperature and 60° C. and at a to pressure between atmospheric pressure and 20 bar.

In step 3, the compound of formula (XI) is hydrolyzed in an alkaline medium using, for example, an alkali metal hydroxide such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in a solvent such as water, methanol or a mixture of these solvents, at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

The resulting compound of formula (XII) is reduced in step 4 to give the expected compound of formula (II). The reduction is effected by means of a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride or borane in THF, in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or toluene, at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

In particular, a compound of formula (II) in which R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄— and E is the O-protecting group tetrahydropyran-2-yl (THP) can be prepared according to SCHEME 2 below:

In step 1′ of SCHEME 2, a compound of formula (IX) is treated with a strong base, such as sodium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide or potassium tert-butylate, to give a carbanion, which is reacted with ethyl 4-bromobutanoate to give the compound of formula (XIII).

The reaction is carried out in an inert solvent such as an ether (for example tetrahydrofuran or 1,2-dimethoxyethane), an amide (for example N,N-dimethylformamide) or an aromatic hydrocarbon (for example toluene or xylene), at a temperature between −70° C. and +60° C.

In step 2′, the reaction of the compound of formula (XIII) with 2-(3-bromopropoxy)tetrahydropyran, in the presence of a strong base such as sodium hydride, lithium diisopropylamide or potassium tert-butylate, under the operating conditions described in step 1′ above, gives the compound of formula (XIV).

The nitrile derivative of formula (XIV) is reduced in step 3′ to give the primary amine of formula (XV). The reduction is effected by means of hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst such as Raney® nickel, in an inert solvent such as an alkanol, for example methanol, by itself or mixed with a saturated solution of ammonia in the same solvent, at a temperature between room temperature and 50° C.

In step 4′, the cyclized compound of formula (XVI) is obtained by refluxing a solution of the compound of formula (XV) in an aromatic solvent such as toluene or xylene.

In step 5′, the compound of formula (XVI) is reduced to give the expected compound of formula (II). The reduction is effected by means of a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride, diisobutylaluminum hydride, sodium borohydride or borane in THF, in an inert solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane or toluene, at a temperature between room temperature and the reflux temperature of the solvent.

The compounds of formula (III), (IIIa), (IIIb), (IIIc), (IIId), (IIIe) or (III*) are known or are prepared by known methods.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIa) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in EP-A-0 428 434, EP-A-0 474 561, EP-A-0 512 901 and EP-A-0 515 240.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIa) can also be prepared by methods well known to those skilled in the art, such as those described in the following publications:

J. Heterocyclic Chem., 1986, 23 73-75;

J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 1469;

J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 917;

J. Pharm. Sci., 1972, 61, 1316-1317;

J. Org. Chem., 1957, 22, 1484-1489;

Chem. Ber., 1975, 108, 3475-3482.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) are generally prepared in a form protected on the piperidine nitrogen; the compounds of formula (VIIIa) themselves are obtained after a deprotection step.

Different methods of obtaining the compounds of formula (VIIIa), in which the different substituents are as defined for formula (I), unless stipulated otherwise, will be indicated below as examples.

For example, when Ar₂ is a pyrid-2-yl group, X′₁ is hydroxyl and x is zero in a piperidine of formula (VIIIa), 2-bromopyridine is reacted with N-benzylpiperid-4-one in a solvent, in the presence of butyllithium, in order to prepare N-benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-(pyrid-2-yl)piperidine; 4-hydroxy-4-(pyrid-2-yl)piperidine is then obtained by deprotection in a basic medium.

Furthermore, a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄ in which R₄ is hydrogen and m is one or two is prepared by reducing a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a methoxycarbonyl or, respectively, a methoxycarbonylmethyl by the method described in Chem. Ber., 1975, 108, 3475-3482.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄ in which R₄ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl can also be prepared by alkylating a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OH by the methods known to those skilled in the art.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —O—CH₂—CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is hydrogen can also be prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a benzoyloxy with ethylene glycol in the presence of an acid such as sulfuric acid.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —O—CH₂CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl are prepared by an identical reaction using a 2-(C₁-C₇)alkoxyethanol.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —O—CH₂CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a formyl are prepared by reacting formic acid with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —O—CH₂CH₂—OH. The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —O—CH₂CH₂—OR₆ in which R₆ is a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl are prepared by reaction with a C₂-C₈ acid chloride in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇ or a group —CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in WO 95/12577.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅ (R₅ other than hydrogen) are prepared by reacting an acid chloride R₅COCl (R₅ other than hydrogen) with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OH, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅ in which R₅ is hydrogen are prepared by reacting formic acid with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OH.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group (C₁-C₇)alkyl-NHCOO—(CH₂)_(m)— are obtained by reacting a carbamoyl chloride, (C₁-C₇)alkyl-NHCOCl, with the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OH. The same compounds are prepared by reacting an isocyanate, (C₁-C₇)alkyl-N═C═O, with the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—OH.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a hydroxyl and which carry a protecting group on the piperidine nitrogen can undergo a Ritter reaction with acetonitrile in order to prepare the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is an acetamido. The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₈R₉ in which R₈ and R₉ are each hydrogen are then prepared by hydrolysis in an acid medium.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₈R₉ in which R₈ and R₉ are each hydrogen can also be prepared by hydrolyzing in a strong acid medium, for example hydrochloric acid, a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is an isocyanato group.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₈R₉ in which R₈ is hydrogen and R₉ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl, can be prepared by reducing a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is hydrogen and R₁₃ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₆)alkyl or, respectively, a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl or a phenyl. The reaction is carried out by means of a reducing agent such as lithium aluminum hydride, in a solvent such as tetra-hydrofuran, at the reflux temperature of the solvent.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₈R₉ in which R₈ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl can be prepared by an identical reaction from the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₈R₉ in which R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle is prepared by applying or adapting Bruylants' reaction (Bull. Soc. Chim. Belges, 1924, 33, 467, and Tetrahedron Letters, 1988, 29 (52), 6827-6830).

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CH₂—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each hydrogen is prepared by reducing a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a cyano. This reduction is effected by the methods well known to those skilled in the art.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CH₂—CH₂—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each a hydrogen is prepared from a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CH₂—CH₂—OH by applying or adapting the method described in J. Med. Chem., 1989, 32, 391-396.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁ in which R₁₀ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₁ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or a benzyl can be prepared by reducing a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, R₁₆ is a hydrogen, a (C₁-C₆)alkyl, a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl or a phenyl and W₁ is an oxygen atom.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₃ is hydrogen or respectively a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, an optionally substituted (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, a vinyl, a pyridyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl are obtained by reacting formic acid in acetic anhydride or, respectively, an appropriate acid chloride R₁₃COCl, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NHR₁₂. In particular, a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₃ is an ethyl radical can be prepared by hydrogenating, in the presence of a catalyst such as palladium on charcoal, a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is an acryloylamino or acryloyl-N-(C₁-C₇)alkylamino group.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₁₂COR₁₃ in which R₁₂ and R₁₃ together are a group —(CH₂)₃— or —(CH₂)₄— is prepared by applying or adapting the method described in J. Med. Chem., 1985, 28, 46-50.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NR₁₄COCOR₁₅ in which R₁₅ is a (C₁-C₄)alkoxy is prepared by reacting a compound of the formula Cl—COCOR₁₅ with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —NHR₁₄.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which W₁ is an oxygen atom, p is 1 or 2, R₁₄ is a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl and R₁₆ is a hydrogen or respectively a (C₁-C₇)alkyl, a phenyl, a benzyl, a pyridyl, an optionally substituted (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl, a vinyl, a furyl, a thienyl, a pyrrolyl or an imidazolyl are obtained by reacting formic acid in acetic anhydride or, respectively, an appropriate acid chloride R₁₆COCl, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CH₂—NHR₁₄ or —CH₂—CH₂—NHR₄.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆ in which W₁ is a sulfur atom is obtained from a corresponding compound of formula (VIIIa) which is protected on the piperidine nitrogen and in which W₁ is an oxygen atom by reaction with phosphorus pentasulfide or with Lawesson's reagent, 2,4-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dithia-2,4-disphosphetane-2,4-disulfide, followed by deprotection of the piperidine nitrogen.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ is prepared by reacting a chloroformate of the formula ClCOOR₁₇ with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NHR₁₄, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

It is also possible to prepare a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which m=0 and R₁₄ is hydrogen by reacting a compound R₁₇OH with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is an isocyanato group (—N═C═O).

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is an isocyanato group is prepared from a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carboxyl group by the method described in Organic Synthesis, 51, 48-52.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈ is prepared by reacting a sulfonyl chloride ClSO₂R₁₈ with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NHR₁₄, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine.

Likewise, the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄CONR₁₉R₂₀ in which R₁₉ is a hydrogen and R₂₀ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl are prepared by reaction with an isocyanate of the formula R₂₀N═C═O in which R₂₀ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl.

The compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄CONR₁₉R₂₀ in which R₁₉ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl are prepared by reaction with a carbamoyl chloride of the formula ClCONR₁₉R₂₀.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄CONR₁₉R₂₀ can also be obtained by reacting a compound HNR₁₉R₂₀ with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇ in which R₁₇ is a phenyl.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄CONR₁₉R₂₀ in which m=0 and R₁₄ is hydrogen can also be prepared by reacting a compound NHR₁₉R₂₀ with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is an isocyanato group.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which W₁ is a sulfur atom is prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VIIIa), protected on the piperidine nitrogen, in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄CONR₁₉R₂₀ with phosphorus pentasulfide or with Lawesson's reagent.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CONR₁₉R₂₀ is prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carboxyl with a compound of formula HNR₁₉R₂₀ by the methods well known to those skilled in the art.

Likewise, the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CH₂—CONR₁₉R₂₀ are prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CH₂—COOR₂₁ in which R₂₁ is hydrogen with a compound HNR₁₉R₂₀.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀ in which W₁ is a sulfur atom is prepared, by the above-mentioned methods, from a compound of corresponding formula (VIIIa) in which W₁ is an oxygen atom.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carboxyl can be prepared by hydrolyzing a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a cyano by the methods known to those skilled in the art.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carboxymethyl can be prepared by the method described in Chem. Ber., 1975, 108, 3475-3482.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl or a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonylmethyl can be prepared from a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carboxyl or, respectively, a carboxymethyl by means of an esterification reaction by the methods well known to those skilled in the art.

In particular, a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which Ar₂ is an optionally substituted phenyl radical, x is one and X′₁ is a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl is prepared by reacting a protected 4-(C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonylpiperidine with an optionally substituted benzyl halide in the presence of a base such as sodium hydride, potassium tert-butylate or sodium diisopropylamide, in a solvent such as tetrahydrofuran, N,N-dimethylformamide or dimethyl sulfoxide, at a temperature between −78° C. and room temperature. The expected compound of formula (VIIIa) is obtained after a deprotection step.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄ is prepared by reacting a hydrazine HNR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄ with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a chloroformyl.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group

in which R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently a hydrogen or a (C₁-C₇)alkyl is prepared by reacting a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group

in which Hal is a halogen atom, preferably bromine, with a thiourea in which one of the amino groups is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group

in which R₂₇ is a formyl or respectively a (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl is prepared by reacting formic acid in acetic anhydride or, respectively, an acid chloride (C₁-C₇)alkyl-COCl, in the presence of a base such as triethylamine, with the above compound of formula (VIIIa), protected on the piperidine nitrogen, in which R₂₇ is hydrogen. The expected compound is obtained after a deprotection step.

The compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group

in which Hal is a bromine atom is obtained by the bromination, by the conventional methods, of a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CO—CH₂—R₂₅.

A compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group

 can be prepared by reacting a protected compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carbazoyl group (—CONH—NH₂) with cyanogen bromide by the method described in J. Org. Chem., 1961, 26, 88-95. The compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carbazoyl group is obtained by reacting hydrazine with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a chloroformyl, which is itself obtained by reacting thionyl chloride with a compound of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a carboxyl.

The piperazines of formula (VIIIb) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in EP-A-0 428 434.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIc) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in WO 94/10146.

The piperidines of formula (VIIId) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in EP-A-0 625 509.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIe) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in EP-A-0 630 887.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIf) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in WO 94/26735.

The compounds of formula (VIIIg) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in WO 94/29309.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIh) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in WO 95/05377.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIi) are known or are prepared by known methods such as those described in WO 95/12577.

The piperidines of formula (VIIIj) are known or are prepared by known methods.

In particular, the piperidines of formula (VIIIj) in which J′₆ is a group

in which X′₁ is other than hydrogen and W₂₅ is a (C₁-C₇)alkyl or a (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl are prepared by the procedures described above for the preparation of the piperidines of formula (VIIIa).

A piperidine of formula (VIIIj) in which J′₆ is a group

in which W₂₅ is a group —NR₇₉R₈₀ and X′₁ is a cyano is prepared by means of a Strecker reaction between a 1-benzylpiperid-4-one and a compound of the formula NHR₇₉R₈₀ in the presence of sodium cyanide. The compound of expected formula (VIIIj) is obtained after a deprotection step. Hydrolysis of the cyano group in a strong acid medium by the methods known to those skilled in the art gives the corresponding piperidines of formula (VIIIj) in which X′₁ is a carboxyl. The latter compounds can be used to obtain the corresponding piperidines of formula (VIIIj) in which X′₁ is a (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl or a group —CONR₁₉R₂₀ by the methods known to those skilled in the art, for example by means of esterification or, respectively, by the methods of peptide coupling.

The piperidines of formula (VIII*) are also known or can be prepared by known methods. In particular, when J* is a group of the structure

the piperidine of formula (VIII*) is prepared by one of the methods described above for the compounds of formula (VIIIa) in which X′₁ is a group —CONR₁₉R₂₀, especially by reacting a carboxylic acid of the formula

 with an amine of the formula NHR₁₉R₂₀.

When J* is a group of the structure

the piperidine of formula (VIII*) is prepared by methods described in WO 94/29309.

The enantiomers of the compounds according to the invention, of the formula

in which:

“*” denotes that the carbon atom carrying this label has the determined (+) or (−) absolute configuration; and

R₁, R₂, Ar₁, T, A, Z and B are as defined for the compounds of formula (I), and their salts with mineral or organic acids, are novel compounds which form part of the invention.

The enantiomers of formula (I*) can be isolated by resolution of the racemic mixtures of the compounds of formula (I). It is preferable, however, to resolve the racemic mixtures at the stage of an intermediate which can be used to prepare a compound of formula (I), as described in patent applications EP-A-0 474 561, EP-A-0 512 901, EP-A-0 591 040 and EP-A-0 612 716.

The compounds of formula (I) above also include those in which one or more hydrogen, carbon or iodine atoms have been replaced by their radioactive isotope, for example tritium, carbon 14 or iodine 125. Such labeled compounds are useful in research, metabolic or pharmacokinetic studies and in biochemical assays as receptor ligands.

The affinity of the compounds of formula (I) for the tachykinin receptors was evaluated in vitro by means of several biochemical assays using radioligands:

1*) The binding of [¹²⁵I]BH-SP (substance P labeled with iodine 125 using Bolton-Hunter's reagent) to the NK₁ receptors of rat cortex, guinea-pig ileum and human lymphoblastic cells.

2*) The binding of [¹²⁵I]His-NK_(A) to the NK₂ receptors of rat bladder or the binding of [¹²⁵I]NPγ to the NK₂ receptors of guinea-pig ileum.

3*) The binding of [¹²⁵I]His[MePhe⁷]NK_(B) to the NK₃ receptors of rat cerebral cortex, guinea-pig cerebral cortex and gerbil cerebral cortex and to the human NK₃ cloned receptors expressed by CHO cells (Buell et al., FEBS Letters, 1992, 299 90-95).

The assays were performed according to X. Emonds-Alt et al. (Eur. J. Pharmacol., 1993, 250, 403-413).

The compounds according to the invention strongly inhibit the binding of [¹²⁵I]His[MePhe⁷]NK_(B) to the NK₃ receptors of guinea-pig and gerbil cerebral cortex and to the human NK₃ cloned receptors: the inhibition constant Ki is generally less than 5.10⁻⁹ M. For the same compounds, it was found that the inhibition constant (Ki) for the NK₃ receptors of rat cerebral cortex is generally greater than 10⁻⁸ M and that the inhibition constant (Ki) for the NK₂ receptor of rat duodenum and the NK₁ receptors of rat cortex is generally greater than or equal to 10⁻⁷ M.

The compounds according to the present invention were also evaluated in vivo on two animal models.

In the gerbil, a rotational behavior is induced by the intrastriatal administration of the specific NK₃ receptor agonist senktide; it was found that a unilateral administration of senktide to gerbil striatum leads to strong contralateral rotations which are inhibited by the compounds according to the invention, administered either intraperitoneally or orally.

This result shows that the compounds according to the invention pass through the blood-brain barrier and that they are capable of blocking the characteristic action of the NK₃ receptors in the central nervous system. They may thus be used for the treatment of any NK_(B)-dependent pathological condition of the central nervous system, such as psychiatric diseases, or any pathological condition mediated by the NK₃ receptor in the central nervous system, such as psychosomatic diseases.

In the guinea-pig, an intravenous or intracerebroventricular injection of senktide induces hypertension which is suppressed by the oral or intravenous administration of the compounds according to the invention.

This result shows that the compounds according to the invention act on the cardiovascular system and that they are capable of blocking the characteristic action of the NK₃ receptors in said system, especially hypertension (Nakayama et al., Brain Res., 1992, 595, 339-342; Takano and Kamiya, Asia Pacific J. Pharmacol., 1991, 6, 341-346; Saigo et al., Neuroscience Letters, 1993, 159, 187-190).

In the guinea-pig, the inhalation of substance P, for example, induces bronchial hyperreactivity to acetylcholine and hypersensitivity to histamine, for example in the plasmic extravasation. An NK₃ antagonist blocks these two characteristic processes of respiratory pathological conditions like asthma.

In these tests, the compounds according to the invention are active at doses varying from 0.1 mg to 30 mg per kg, administered orally, intravenously or intraperitoneally.

The compounds of the present invention are generally administered in dosage units. Said dosage units are preferably formulated into pharmaceutical compositions in which the active principle is mixed with a pharmaceutical excipient.

According to another of its aspects, the present invention relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing, as the active principle, a compound of formula (I) or one of its pharmaceutically acceptable salts which has a very high affinity for the human NK₃ receptor, said affinity being characterized by an inhibition constant Ki generally of less than 5.10⁻⁹ M in ligand binding studies.

The compounds of formula (I) and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts can be used in daily doses of 0.01 to 100 mg per kilogram of body weight of the mammal to be treated, preferably in daily doses of 0.1 to 50 mg/kg. In humans the dose can preferably vary from 0.5 to 4000 mg per day, more particularly from 2.5 to 1000 mg, depending on the age of the subject to be treated or the type of treatment: prophylactic or curative.

Examples of diseases which can be treated using the compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are diseases associated with a dysfunction of the dopaminergic systems, such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease, diseases associated with a dysfunction of the noradrenergic and serotoninergic systems, such as anxiety, vigilance disorders and humor disorders, all forms of epileptic disease, particularly grand mal, dementia, neurodegenerative diseases, peripheral diseases in which the central nervous system and/or the peripheral nervous system participate via neurokinin B acting as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator, such as pain, migraine and acute or chronic inflammation, cardiovascular disorders, particularly hypertension, cardiac insufficiency and rhythm disorders, respiratory disorders (asthma, rhinitis, cough, bronchitis, allergy, hypersensitivity), disorders of the gastrointestinal system, such as esophageal ulcer, colitis, stress-related disorders, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and acidic secretion, emesis/nausea (following chemotherapy, postoperative, due to travel sickness or due to vestibular disorders), disorders of the urinary system (incontinence, nervous bladder), diseases of the immune system (rheumatoid arthritis) and, more generally, any neurokinin B-dependent pathological condition.

In the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention for oral, sublingual, inhalational, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, transdermal, local or rectal administration, the active principles can be administered to animals and humans in unit forms of administration, mixed with conventional pharmaceutical carriers. The appropriate unit forms of administration include forms for oral administration, such as tablets, gelatin capsules, powders, granules and solutions or suspensions to be taken orally, forms for sublingual and buccal administration, forms for subcutaneous, intramuscular, intravenous, intranasal or intraocular administration and forms for rectal administration.

When a solid composition in the form of tablets is prepared, the main active principle is mixed with a pharmaceutical vehicle such as silica, gelatin, starch, lactose, magnesium stearate, talcum, gum arabic or the like. The tablets can be coated with sucrose, various polymers or other appropriate substances or else they can be treated so as to have a sustained or delayed activity and so as to release a predetermined amount of active principle continuously.

A preparation in the form of gelatin capsules is obtained by mixing the active principle with a diluent, such as a glycol or a glycerol ester, and introducing the mixture obtained into soft or hard gelatin capsules.

A preparation in the form of a syrup or elixir can contain the active principle together with a sweetener, which is preferably calorie-free, methylparaben and propylparaben as antiseptics, a flavoring and an appropriate color.

The water-dispersible granules or powders can contain the active principle mixed with dispersants or wetting agents or with suspending agents such as polyvinylpyrrolidone, as well as with sweeteners or taste correctors.

Rectal administration is effected using suppositories, which are prepared with binders melting at the rectal temperature, for example cocoa butter or polyethylene glycols.

Parenteral, intranasal or intraocular administration is effected using aqueous suspensions, isotonic saline solutions or injectable solutions which contain pharmacologically compatible dispersants and/or wetting agents, for example propylene glycol or butylene glycol.

Administration by inhalation is effected using an aerosol which also contains, for example, sorbitan trioleate or oleic acid, as well as trichlorofluoromethane, dichlorofluoromethane, dichlorotetrafluoroethane or any other biologically compatible propellant gas; it is also possible to use a system containing the active principle, by itself or in association with an excipient, in powder form.

The active principle can also be presented in the form of a complex with a cyclodextrin, for example α-, β- or γ-cyclodextrin, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin or methyl-β-cyclodextrin.

The active principle can also be formulated as microcapsules, with one or more carriers or additives if appropriate.

In each dosage unit, the active principle of formula (I) is present in the amounts commensurate with the daily doses envisaged. In general, each dosage unit is appropriately adjusted according to the dosage and the intended type of administration, for example tablets, gelatin capsules and the like, sachets, ampoules, syrups and the like, or drops, so that said dosage unit contains from 0.5 to 1000 mg of active principle, preferably from 2.5 to 250 mg, for administration one to four times a day.

The above-mentioned compositions can also contain other active products which are useful for the desired therapeutics, such as, for example, bronchodilators, antitussives or antihistamines.

By virtue of their very high affinity for the human NK₃ receptor and their high selectivity, the compounds according to the invention may be used in radio-labeled form as laboratory reagents.

For example, they make it possible to characterize, identify and locate the human NK₃ receptor in tissue sections or the NK₃ receptor in the whole animal by autoradiography.

The compounds according to the invention also make it possible to sort or screen molecules as a function of their affinity for the human NK₃ receptor. This is carried out by means of a reaction in which the radiolabeled ligand forming the subject of the present invention is displaced from its human NK₃ receptor.

The following abbreviations are used in the Preparations and in the Examples:

Me, OMe: methyl, methoxy

Et, OEt: ethyl, ethoxy

EtOH: ethanol

MeOH: methanol

Ether: diethyl ether

Iso ether: diusopropyl ether

DMF: dimethylformamide

DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide

DCM: dichloromethane

THF: tetrahydrofuran

AcOEt: ethyl acetate

K₂CO₃: potassium carbonate

Na₂CO₃: sodium carbonate

KHCO₃: potassium hydrogencarbonate

NaHCO₃: sodium hydrogencarbonate

NaCl: sodium chloride

Na₂SO₄: sodium sulfate

MgSO₄: magnesium sulfate

NaOH: sodium hydroxide

AcOH: acetic acid

H₂SO₄: sulfuric acid

HCl: hydrochloric acid

Ethereal hydrogen chloride: saturated solution of hydrochloric acid in ether

BOP: benzotriazol-1-yloxytris(dimethylamino)phosphonium hexafluorophosphate

KCN: potassium cyanide

DBU: 1,8-diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undec-7-ene

NH₄Cl: ammonium chloride

M.p.: melting point

B.p.: boiling point

RT: room temperature

Silica H: silica gel 60H marketed by Merck (DARMSTADT)

NMR: nuclear magnetic resonance

δ: chemical shift

s: singlet

bs: broad singlet

rs: resolved singlet

d: doublet

t: triplet

qd: quadruplet

sept: septuplet

mt: multiplet

us: unresolved signals

PREPARATION 1.1

4-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine hydrochloride

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-carboxypiperidine

8.6 g of triethylamine and 20 ml of water are added to a solution of 10 g of isonipecotic acid in 100 ml of dioxane and the mixture is heated to 60° C. 20.25 g of di-tert-butyl carbonate are then added dropwise and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 60° C. and refluxed for 30 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and acidified to pH 3 by the addition of 2 N HCl solution and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 17 g of the expected product.

B) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine

1.32 g of triethylamine, 2.5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and then 5.31 g of BOP are added to a solution of 0.77 g of pyrrolidine in 20 ml of DCM and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with ether, the organic phase is washed with water, with 10% NaOH solution, with water, with a buffer solution of pH 2, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 2.25 g of the expected product.

C) 4-(Pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine hydrochloride

20 ml of 6 N HCl solution are added to a solution of 2.25 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 40 ml of MeOH and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at RT. The solvent is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with acetone and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 1.75 g of the expected product after crystallization from AcOEt.

PREPARATION 1.2

4-Carbamoyl-4-(piperid-1-yl)piperidine dihydrochloride

A) 1-Benzyl-4-cyano-4-(piperid-1-yl)piperidine

A solution of 5.3 g of sodium cyanide in 20 ml of water is added dropwise at RT to a solution of 18.9 g of 1-benzylpiperid-4-one and 12.16 g of piperidine hydrochloride in 25 ml of MeOH and 25 ml of water and the mixture is stirred for 48 hours at RT. The precipitate formed is filtered off, washed with water and dried under vacuum to give 27 g of the expected product.

B) 1-Benzyl-4-carbamoyl-4-(piperid-1-yl)piperidine

10 g of the compound obtained in the previous step are added to 50 ml of 95% sulfuric acid and the mixture is heated at 100° C. for 45 minutes. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture is poured onto 100 g of ice, 250 ml of DCM are added, with cooling, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The solid product obtained is recrystallized from 300 ml of an acetonitrile/toluene mixture (65/35; v/v) to give 9.7 g of the expected product, m.p.=150-160° C.

C) 4-Carbamoyl-4-(piperid-1-yl)piperidine dihydrochloride

10 g of ammonium formate and 2.5 g of 5% palladium on charcoal are added to a solution of 9.7 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of MeOH and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at RT. It is filtered on Celite® and the filtrate is evaporated under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in 2 N HCl solution, rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of 40% NaOH solution and extracted with chloroform, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The product obtained is dissolved in an MeOH/DCM mixture, acidified to pH 1 by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and evaporated under vacuum to give 5 g of the expected product, m.p.=185° C.

PREPARATION 1.3 4-(Acryloyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride

A) 1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by reacting phenyllithium with 1-benzylpiperid-4-one by the method described in EP-A-474 561.

B) 4-Acetamido-1-benzyl-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by reacting acetonitrile with the compound obtained in the previous step by the method described in EP-A-474 561.

C) 4-Amino-1-benzyl-4-phenylpiperidine dihydrochloride

A mixture of 50 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 90 ml of concentrated HCl solution and 210 ml of water is refluxed for 48 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with an EtOH/toluene mixture and the solvents are evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is dissolved in 100 ml of hot MeOH, 500 ml of acetone are added and the mixture is stirred, with cooling in an ice bath. The crystals formed are filtered off, washed with acetone and then with ether and dried to give 48.9 g of the expected product.

D) 1-Benzyl-4-(formylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine

110 ml of acetic anhydride are added dropwise to a solution of 48.9 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 25 g of sodium formate in 340 ml of formic acid and the reaction mixture is then left to stand overnight at RT, with stirring. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water, rendered alkaline by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 38.8 g of the expected product after crystallization from an iso ether/pentane mixture, m.p.=140° C.

E) 1-Benzyl-4-(methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 38.8 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 400 ml of THF is added slowly to a suspension of 12.5 g of lithium aluminum hydride in 100 ml of THF and the reaction mixture is refluxed for 3 hours. After cooling, a solution of 5 ml of concentrated NaOH in 45 ml of water is added, the inorganic salts are filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give 38 g of the expected product.

F) 4-(Acryloyl-N-methylamino)-1-benzyl-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 1.5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 1.5 ml of triethylamine in 40 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 0.5 ml of acryloyl chloride is added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is poured into water, the resulting mixture is decanted, the organic phase is washed with water and with 2 N NaOH solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 1.3 g of the expected product after crystallization from an ether/pentane mixture.

G) 4-(Acryloyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride

A solution of 1.3 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 30 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane is cooled to 0° C., 0.5 ml of 1-chloroethyl chloroformate is added dropwise and the reaction mixture is then refluxed for 2 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum and the residue is taken up with 15 ml of MeOH, refluxed for 30 minutes and concentrated under vacuum to give 0.65 g of the expected product after crystallization from AcOEt.

PREPARATION 1.4

4-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate monohydrate

A) 4-(2-Bromoacetyl)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrobromide

8 g of bromine are added rapidly at RT to a suspension of 11.98 g of 4-acetyl-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride in 200 ml of DCM and the reaction mixture is left to stand overnight at RT, with stirring. It is diluted by the addition of 200 ml of ether and the precipitate formed is filtered off and washed with ether to give 17.88 g of the expected product after drying under vacuum.

B) 4-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate monohydrate

A mixture of 7.26 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 1.52 g of thiourea and 150 ml of EtOH is refluxed for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of 10% NaOH solution and the precipitate formed is filtered off and washed with water and then with ether to give 4.46 g of the expected product in the form of the free base after recrystallization from EtOH. 1 g of the base is dissolved in acetone and 0.73 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate is added to give 1.5 g of the expected product in the form of crystals, m.p.=220-222° C.

PREPARATION 1.5

4-Acetyl-4-benzylpiperidine hydrochloride

A) 4-Cyanopiperidine

25 g of isonipecotamide (or piperidine-4-carboxamide) are added in small portions to 70 ml of POCl₃ and the reaction mixture is refluxed for 4 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with ice, rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with DCM and then 4 times with ether, the combined organic phases are dried over MgSO₄ and the solvents are evaporated off under vacuum. The oil obtained is distilled under reduced pressure to give 6.4 g of the expected product, b.p.=108-110° C. under 18 mm of mercury.

B) 4-Cyano-1,4-dibenzylpiperidine

A solution of 15 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 250 ml of THF is cooled to −50° C., 190 ml of a 1.5 M solution of lithium diusopropylamide in cyclohexane are added dropwise and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at −50° C. 34 ml of benzyl bromide are then added and the reaction mixture is stirred, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. After 3 hours at RT, it is poured into a mixture of ice and concentrated HCl, ether is added and the precipitate formed is filtered off and washed with water. The precipitate is taken up with water, rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with ether, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 31.7 g of the expected product after crystallization from pentane, m.p.=92° C.

C) 4-Acetyl-1,4-dibenzylpiperidine hydrochloride

55 ml of a 1.6 M solution of methyllithium in ether are added to a solution of 20 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 400 ml of ether and the reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours at RT. It is poured into iced water, the resulting mixture is decanted, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with 400 ml of water, 40 ml of concentrated HCl are added and the mixture is refluxed for 2 hours. After one night at RT, the crystalline product formed is filtered off and washed with a small amount of acetone and then with ether to give 17.6 g of the expected product after drying, m.p.=246° C.

D) 4-Acetyl-4-benzylpiperidine hydrochloride

A mixture of 3 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 0.3 g of 10% palladium on charcoal, 50 ml of EtOH and 10 ml of water is hydrogenated at RT and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated under vacuum to give 1.8 g of the expected product after crystallization from acetone, m.p.=195° C.

PREPARATION 1.6

4-(Acetylamino)-4-benzylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A) 1,4-Dibenzyl-4-carboxypiperidine

6 g of the compound obtained in step B of PREPARATION 1.5 are added to a solution of 25 ml of water, 25 ml of concentrated H₂SO₄ and 25 ml of AcOH and the reaction mixture is heated at 140° C. for 5 hours. After cooling, it is poured onto ice, the pH is brought to 6.5 by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and the mixture is stirred until crystallization takes place. The crystalline product is filtered off and washed with water. The product is taken up with MeOH, filtered off and washed with ether to give 3 g of the expected product, m.p.=262° C.

B) 1,4-Dibenzyl-4-isocyanatopiperidine

A mixture of 2 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 1.6 g of phosphorus pentachloride in 40 ml of chloroform is heated at 60° C. for 1 hour. The reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with 40 ml of acetone, a solution of 2 g of sodium azide in 5 ml of water is added and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum at RT, the residue is taken up with ether, the organic phase is washed with saturated Na₂CO₃ solution and with water and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with 40 ml of toluene and refluxed for 1 hour. It is concentrated under vacuum to give 2 g of the expected product in the form of an oil.

C) 4-Amino-1,4-dibenzylpiperidine dihydrochloride

A mixture of 1 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 20 ml of 8 N HCl is refluxed for 45 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum and the residue is dissolved in the minimum amount of EtOH and poured into ether. The precipitate formed is filtered off, washed with ether and dried to give 1 g of the expected product, m.p.=199° C. (dec.).

D) 4-Acetylamino-1,4-dibenzylpiperidine

0.23 ml of acetyl chloride is added to a solution of 1 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 1.4 ml of triethylamine in 20 ml of DCM and the reaction mixture is stirred for 15 minutes at RT. It is washed with water and with saturated Na₂SO₄ solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 0.75 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether, m.p.=134° C.

E) 4-(Acetylamino)-4-benzylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A mixture of 0.746 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 0.44 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, 0.2 g of 10% palladium on charcoal and 30 ml of EtOH is stirred for 48 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give 0.88 g of the expected product in the form of a foam.

PREPARATION 1.7

4-Benzyl-4-cyanopiperidine

A) 4-Cyano-1-tritylpiperidine

A solution of 6.4 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.5 in 60 ml of DCM is cooled to 5° C., 10.8 ml of triethylamine are added, 18 g of trityl chloride are then added slowly and the reaction mixture is stirred, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is washed with water and with a buffer solution of pH 2, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 19 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether, m.p.=206° C.

B) 4-Benzyl-4-cyano-1-tritylpiperidine

A solution of 5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 50 ml of THF is cooled to −50° C., 9.5 ml of a 1.5 M solution of lithium diisopropylamide in cyclohexane are added dropwise and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at −50° C. 1.7 ml of benzyl bromide are then added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes. It is poured into a mixture of ice and a buffer solution of pH 2 and extracted with ether, the extract is washed with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 5.69 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether.

C) 4-Benzyl-4-cyanopiperidine

A mixture of 5.7 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 25 ml of formic acid and 25 ml of water is heated at 60° C. for 1 hour. After cooling to RT, the insoluble material is filtered off and washed with water and the filtrate is evaporated under vacuum. The residue is taken up with water, rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with ether, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 2.5 g of the expected product.

PREPARATION 1.8

4-Benzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A) 1,4-Dibenzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A mixture of 1 g of the compound obtained in step B of PREPARATION 1.6 and 20 ml of EtOH is refluxed for 24 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum, the oil obtained is dissolved in 5 ml of acetone, 0.55 g of para-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate is added and ether is then added until crystallization takes place. The crystals formed are filtered off, washed with ether and dried to give 1.38 g of the expected product, m.p.=154° C.

B) 4-Benzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A mixture of 1.3 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 0.15 g of 10% palladium on charcoal and 20 ml of EtOH is stirred for 24 hours under a hydrogen atmosphere. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give 1 g of the expected product in the form of a foam.

PREPARATION 1.9

4-Benzyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A) 1,4-Dibenzyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine

0.5 g of pyrrolidine and then 3.8 g of BOP are added to a solution of 2.2 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.6 and 2.5 ml of triethylamine in 50 ml of DCM and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water, with 1 N NaOH solution, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (90/10; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with an ether/1 N HCl mixture, the resulting mixture is decanted, the aqueous phase is rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of 1 N NaOH and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 0.64 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether, m.p.=129° C.

B) 4-Benzyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A mixture of 0.64 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 0.33 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, 0.1 g of 10% palladium on charcoal and 10 ml of EtOH is hydrogenated at RT and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is evaporated under vacuum to give 0.75 g of the expected product in the form of a foam.

PREPARATION 1.10

4-(Acetyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A) 4-(Acetyl-N-methylamino)-1-benzyl-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 30 g of the compound obtained in step E of PREPARATION 1.3 and 16.5 ml of triethylamine in 300 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 8 ml of acetyl chloride are added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at RT. It is washed twice with water and with 2 N NaOH solution, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 31.6 g of the expected product after crystallization from an iso ether/pentane mixture, m.p.=104° C.

B) 4-(Acetyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A mixture of 5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 2.9 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, 0.5 g of 10% palladium on charcoal and 80 ml of EtOH is hydrogenated for 3 hours at 25° C. and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give 5.7 g of the expected product after crystallization from acetone, m.p.=165° C.

PREPARATION 1.11

4-Phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine hemihydrate

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-carboxy-4-phenylpiperidine

30 ml of water and 32.9 g of K₂CO₃ are added to a mixture of 30 g of 4-carboxy-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate and 300 ml of dioxane, the resulting mixture is then heated to 60° C. and 18.2 g of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate are added dropwise. The reaction mixture is subsequently heated for 2 hours at 60° C. and then for 30 minutes under reflux. After cooling to RT, it is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with a buffer solution of pH 2, acidified to pH 4 by the addition of 2 N HCl, washed with a buffer solution of pH 2, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 23.7 g of the expected product.

B) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

9.29 g of triethylamine and then 3.27 g of pyrrolidine are added to a solution of 14 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of DCM. The mixture is cooled in an ice bath, 22.4 g of BOP are added and the reaction mixture is stirred, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with water, three times with 10% NaOH solution, with water, three times with a buffer solution of pH 2, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 16.4 g of the expected product.

C) 4-Phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine hemihydrate

Concentrated HCl solution is added to a solution of 16.4 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of MeOH until the pH is 1, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 hours at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with acetone and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give a white solid, which is recrystallized from propan-2-ol. The product obtained is taken up with 10% NaOH solution and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with 10% NaOH solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 7 g of the expected product after crystallization from ether, m.p.=126° C.

PREPARATION 1.12

4-(N,N-Dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

8.1 g of triethylamine and then 4.9 g of dimethylamine hydrochloride are added to a solution of 6.11 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.11 in 20 ml of DCM and 20 ml of DMF. The mixture is cooled in an ice bath, 9.73 g of BOP are added and the resulting mixture is stirred for 3 hours, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with ether, the organic phase is washed with water, with a buffer solution of pH 2, with 10% NaOH solution, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 6.45 g of the expected product.

B) 4-(N,N-Dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

Concentrated HCl solution is added to a solution of 6.4 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 80 ml of MeOH until the pH is 1, and the mixture is stirred for 4 hours at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed three times with 10% NaOH solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 3.2 g of the expected product after crystallization from ether, m.p.=95° C.

PREPARATION 1.13

4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride

A) 1-Benzyl-4-hydroxy-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by reacting phenyllithium with 1-benzylpiperid-4-one by the method described in EP-A-474 561.

B) 4-(Benzoyloxy)-1-benzyl-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 2.67 g of the compound prepared in the previous step and 2.5 ml of triethylamine in 30 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 1.22 ml of benzoyl chloride are added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 1 hour, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with 1 N NaOH solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 2.4 g of the expected product after crystallization from pentane.

C) 1-Benzyl-4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride

A mixture of 2.3 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 7 ml of H₂SO₄ and 60 ml of ethylene glycol is heated at 60° C. for 5 hours. The reaction mixture is poured onto ice, rendered alkaline by the addition of concentrated NH₄OH solution and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with water and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (96/4; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified to pH 1 by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 1 g of the expected product.

D) 4-(2-Hydroxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride

A mixture of 3.3 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 0.4 g of 10% palladium on charcoal and 100 ml of EtOH is hydrogenated at RT and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off on Célite® and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum to give 2.2 g of the expected product, m.p.=168-172° C.

PREPARATION 1.14

4-Amino-4-phenylpiperidine dibenzenesulfonate

26.95 g of the compound obtained in step C of PREPARATION 1.3 are dissolved in 50 ml of water, rendered alkaline to pH 12 by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with saturated NaCl solution and dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The oil obtained is taken up with 300 ml of EtOH, 25 g of benzenesulfonic acid and 2.2 g of 5% palladium on charcoal are added and the mixture is then hydrogenated at 40° C. and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off on Célite and washed with MeOH and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is taken up with acetone and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 29.7 g of the expected product, m.p.=276-278° C.

PREPARATION 1.15

4-(2-Amino- 1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A) 1-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-carboxy-4-phenylpiperidine

A mixture of 37.7 g of 4-carboxy-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate, 53.3 g of 30% aqueous NaOH solution and 250 ml of water is cooled to 5° C. A solution of 18 g of benzyl chloroformate in 60 ml of acetone is added rapidly at 5° C. and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is washed twice with ether and, after decantation, the aqueous phase is acidified to pH 1 by the addition of concentrated HCl and then 2 N HCl. The precipitate formed is filtered off, dried, taken up with ether and filtered off again to give 30.6 g of the expected product, m.p.=142-144° C.

B) 1-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-(chloroformyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

A mixture of 17.1 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 24 g of thionyl chloride and 150 ml of 1,2-dichloroethane is refluxed for 1 hour. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with chloroform and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with an ether/pentane mixture and the solvents are evaporated off again under vacuum to give 20 g of the expected product in the form of a gum, which is used as such.

C) 1-(Benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-carbazoyl-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 16 g of hydrazine monohydrate in 40 ml of EtOH is cooled to −50° C., a solution of 11.44 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 20 ml of 1,2-dimethoxyethane is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with an EtOH/benzene mixture and the solvents are evaporated off under vacuum to give 11.2 g of the expected product in the form of a gum, which is used as such.

D) 4-(2-Amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-1-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 3.39 g of cyanogen bromide in 10 ml of EtOH is added at RT to a solution of 11.2 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 60 ml of EtOH and the reaction mixture is refluxed for 1 hour. It is concentrated to 50 ml of EtOH and water is then added dropwise until the volume of the reaction mixture is 400 ml. The crystalline product formed is filtered off, washed with water, then with DCM, with AcOEt and with ether to give 8 g of the expected product.

E) 4-(2-Amino-1,3,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate

A mixture of 7.85 g of the compound obtained in the previous step, 3.95 g of p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate, 0.8 g of 10% palladium on charcoal, 350 ml of 95° EtOH and 10 ml of water is hydrogenated at 50° C. and at atmospheric pressure. After 3 hours, the catalyst is filtered off on Célite® and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is taken up with acetone and the crystalline product formed is filtered off and washed with acetone and then with ether to give 7.65 g of the expected product, m.p.=183-185° C.

PREPARATION 1.16

4-Carbamoyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidine

A) 1-Benzyl-4-cyano-4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidine

2.5 ml of morpholine and then 5.1 g of Na₂S₂O₅ are added to a mixture of 5 g of 1-benzylpiperid-4-one and 1.9 g of potassium cyanide in 50 ml of an EtOH/water mixture (50/50; v/v) and the resulting mixture is heated at 60° C. for 2 hours. A further 2.5 ml of morpholine are added and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. Water is added and the crystalline product formed is filtered off to give 5.5 g of the expected product.

B) 1-Benzyl-4-carbamoyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidine

A mixture of 14 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 50 ml of 95% sulfuric acid is heated at 100° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture is poured onto 100 g of ice, the pH is brought to 7 by the addition of concentrated NH₄OH solution, the mixture is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using a DCM/MeOH mixture (100/5; v/v to 100/10; v/v) as the eluent to give 3.4 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether.

C) 4-Carbamoyl-4-(morpholin-4-yl)piperidine

3.1 g of ammonium formate and 0.8 g of 5% palladium on charcoal are added to a solution of 3.4 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 50 ml of MeOH and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours at RT. The catalyst is filtered off on Célite® and the filtrate is evaporated under vacuum to give 2.2 g of the expected product after crystallization from propan-2-ol.

PREPARATIONS 1.17 to 1.21

The following are obtained by carrying out the procedure described in PREPARATION 1.16 and replacing the morpholine in step A with thiomorpholine, azetidine, pyrrolidine, perhydroazepine, di-n-heptylamine and di-n-butylamine:

4-carbamoyl-4-(thiomorpholin-4-yl)piperidine (1.17);

4-carbamoyl-4-(azetidin-1-yl)piperidine (1.18);

4-carbamoyl-4-(perhydroazepin-1-yl)piperidine (1.19);

4-carbamoyl-4-(di-n-heptylamino)piperidine (1.20);

4-carbamoyl-4-(di-n-butylamino)piperidine (1.21).

PREPARATIONS 1.22 to 1.26

The following are obtained by carrying out the procedure described in PREPARATION 1.9, starting from the 1,4-dibenzyl-4-carboxypiperidine obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.6 and replacing the pyrrolidine with azetidine, piperidine, morpholine, perhydroazepine and 1-methylpiperazine:

4-benzyl-4-(azetidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate (1.22);

4-benzyl-4-(piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate (1.23);

4-benzyl-4-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate (1.24);

4-benzyl-4-(perhydroazepin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate (1.25);

4-benzyl-4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesufonate (1.26).

PREPARATIONS 1.27 to 1.31

The following are obtained by carrying out the procedure described in PREPARATION 1.11, steps B and C, and replacing the pyrrolidine in step B with azetidine, piperidine, morpholine, perhydroazepine and 1-methylpiperazine:

4-(azetidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (1.27);

4-(piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (1.28);

4-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (1.29);

4-(perhydroazepin-1-ylcarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (1.30);

4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-ylcarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine (1.31).

PREPARATION 1.32

4-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(N-methylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

1.98, g of triethylamine and then 0.49 g of methylamine hydrochloride are added to a solution of 1.5 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.11 in 5 ml of DCM and 5 ml of DMF. The mixture is cooled in an ice bath, 2.39 g of BOP are added and the reaction mixture is stirred for 24 hours, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum and the residue is extracted with ether, washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under vacuum to give 1.4 g of the expected product.

B) 4-(N-Methylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

4 ml of concentrated HCl are added to a solution of 1.4 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 30 ml of MeOH and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with DCM, washed with water and twice with 10% NaOH solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 0.6 g of the expected product.

PREPARATION 1.33

4-(N-n-Butylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(N-n-butylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step A of PREPARATION 1.32, starting from 1.0 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.11 and 0.24 g of n-butylamine. This gives 1.3 g of the expected product, which is used as such in the next step.

B) 4-(N-n-Butylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step B of PREPARATION 1.32. This gives 0.4 g of the expected product.

PREPARATION 1.34

4-(N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine trifluoroacetate

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(N,N-diethylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step A of PREPARATION 1.32, starting from 1.5 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.11 and 0.8 g of diethylamine hydrochloride. This gives 1.7 g of the expected product.

B) 4-(N,N-Diethylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine trifluoroacetate

1.7 g of the compound obtained in the previous step are dissolved in 20 ml of trifluoroacetic acid and the solution is stirred at RT for 30 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with ether and the mixture is evaporated under vacuum to give 2.8 g of the expected product in the form of an oil.

PREPARATION 1.35

4-Carbamoyl-4-phenylpiperidine

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-carbamoyl-4-phenylpiperidine

A solution of 1.5 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.11, 0.99 g of triethylamine and 2.39 g of BOP in 10 ml of DCM is cooled to −20° C. and ammonia gas is then bubbled into the solution. The temperature is allowed to rise to RT and the reaction mixture is stirred for 2 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with ether, the organic phase is washed with water, with a buffer solution of pH 2, with water, with 10% NaOH solution, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 1.32 g of the expected product.

B) 4-Carbamoyl-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step B of PREPARATION 1.32, starting from 1.32 g of the compound obtained in the previous step. This gives 0.41 g of the expected product.

PREPARATION 1.36

4-(N-Isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

A) 1-tert-Butoxycarbonyl-4-(N-isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step A of PREPARATION 1.32, starting from 1.5 g of the compound obtained in step A of PREPARATION 1.11 and 0.29 g of isopropylamine. This gives 1.61 g of the expected product.

B) 4-(N-Isopropylcarbamoyl)-4-phenylpiperidine

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step B of PREPARATION 1.32, starting from 1.61 g of the compound obtained in the previous step. This gives 1.1 g of the expected product.

PREPARATION 2.1

3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)piperidine hydrochloride

A) Methyl 4-cyano-4-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)heptanedioate

In a three-necked flask, 37.2 g of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetonitrile and 34.43 g of methyl acrylate are dissolved in 20 ml of dioxane; 1 ml of DBU is added and the mixture is heated for 2 hours at 60° C., evaporated, diluted with 400 ml of ethyl acetate, then washed with dilute HCl and NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The expected product is crystallized from 100 ml of ethyl acetate and 100 ml of ether with 100 ml of heptane to give 47 g of product.

B) Methyl 3-[5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-2-oxopiperid-5-yl]propionate

40 g of the compound prepared in step A are dissolved in 500 ml of 2-methoxyethanol, 2 g of Raney nickel are added and the mixture is hydrogenated at 40° C. under atmospheric pressure for 3 days. It is filtered and evaporated to give the expected product in the form of an oil (39 g).

C) 3-[5-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-2-oxopiperid-5-yl]propanoic acid

17 g of the compound prepared in the previous step are dissolved in 250 ml of methanol, 2.8 g of potassium hydroxide and 10 ml of water are added and the mixture is then refluxed for 2 hours. It is evaporated to dryness and the oil obtained is taken up with 200 ml of water and washed with 100 ml of ethyl acetate. The aqueous phase is acidified with 30% HCl solution and the precipitate formed is then filtered off and dried. It is recrystallized from hot methanol to give 18.3 g of the expected compound.

D) 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)piperidine hydrochloride

5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step are dissolved in 20 ml of THF, 75 ml of borane (concentration: 1 M in THF) are added and the mixture is refluxed for 24 hours under nitrogen. 25 ml of methanol and 50 ml of 4 N HCl are added, the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes and 40% sodium hydroxide is then added until the pH exceeds 10. The mixture is extracted 3 times with 150 ml of DCM and the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated. The residue is dissolved in DCM with a 4 N solution of HCl in ether. After evaporation, a foam is obtained and the expected product (4.5 g) crystallizes from an AcOEt/ether mixture.

PREPARATION 2.2

3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propyl]perhydroazepine

A) Ethyl 5-cyano-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)pentanoate

11.8 g of a 55% dispersion of sodium hydride in oil are suspended in 100 ml of THF and cooled in an ice bath, a solution of 50 g of 3,4-dichlorophenylacetonitrile in 50 ml of THF is added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for 3 hours at RT. It is cooled again in an ice bath, a solution of 52.4 g of ethyl 4-bromobutanoate in 50 ml of THF is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred overnight at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with ether, the organic phase is washed with water, with a buffer solution of pH 2, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using toluene and then a toluene/AcOEt mixture (100/5; v/v) as the eluent to give 36.9 g of the expected product.

B) Ethyl 5-cyano-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)octanoate

5 g of a 55% dispersion of sodium hydride in oil are suspended in 100 ml of DMF and cooled to −20° C., a solution of 25.4 g of 2-(3-bromopropoxy)tetrahydropyran and 34.2 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 100 ml of DMF is added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred overnight at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with a mixture of water and a buffer solution of pH 4 and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with a buffer solution of pH 4, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using toluene and then a toluene/AcOEt mixture (100/10; v/v) as the eluent to give 36 g of the expected product.

C) Ethyl 5-(aminomethyl)-5-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-8-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)octanoate

30 ml of a saturated solution of ammonia in MeOH and 2 g of Raney® nickel are added to a solution of 16.7 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of MeOH and the mixture is then hydrogenated at 40° C. and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off on Célite® and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is extracted with ether, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 15.1 g of the expected product.

D) 6-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-6-[3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propyl]perhydroazepin-2-one

A solution of 15.1 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 150 ml of xylene is refluxed for 48 hours. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum to give 13.5 g of the expected product.

E) 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propyl]perhydroazepine

A solution of 14 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of THF is added dropwise to a suspension of 4 g of lithium aluminum hydride in 100 ml of THF and the mixture is then refluxed for 2 hours. After cooling to RT, 4 ml of water, 12 ml of 10% NaOH solution and 4 ml of water are added in succession. The inorganic salts are filtered off on Célite® and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 13 g of the expected product.

EXAMPLE 1 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine hydrochloride 1.5 hydrate

A) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)piperidine

A solution of 16.22 g of the compound obtained in PREPARATION 2.1 and 18.2 g of triethylamine in 250 ml of DCM is cooled in an ice bath and a solution of 14.06 g of benzoyl chloride in 10 ml of DCM is added dropwise. The mixture is stirred for 1 hour, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. The excess benzoyl chloride is removed by the addition of MeOH and the reaction mixture is then concentrated under vacuum. The residue is taken up with MeOH and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is extracted with ether, washed with water, with 2 N HCl solution, with 5% NaHCO₃ solution and with saturated NaCl solution, dried over MgSO₄ and evaporated under vacuum. The 1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-benzoyloxypropyl)piperidine thus obtained as an intermediate is dissolved in 150 ml of MeOH, 10% NaOH solution is added and the mixture is heated for 1 hour at 50-60° C. and concentrated under vacuum. The residue is extracted with ether, washed with water, with 2 N HCl solution, with 5% NaHCO₃ solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 18 g of the expected product in the form of an oil.

B) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(methanesulfonyloxy)propyl]piperidine

A solution of 16.8 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 5.18 g of triethylamine in 100 ml of DCM is cooled in an ice bath, a solution of 5.40 g of methanesulfonyl chloride in 10 ml of DCM is added dropwise and the mixture is then stirred for 30 minutes, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, washed with water, with 2 N HCl solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 19.6 g of the expected product in the form of an oil.

Proton NMR spectrum at 200 MHz in DMSO-d₆

1 to 2.35 ppm: us: 8H

3.15 ppm: s: 3H

3.2 to 4.6 ppm: us: 6H

6.8 to 7.8 ppm: us: 8H

C) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine hydrochloride 1.5 hydrate

0.56 g of 4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine hydrochloride is dissolved in water, the solution is rendered alkaline by the addition of 10% NaOH solution and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with 5 ml of DMF and 5 ml of acetonitrile, 1 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and then 0.88 g of K₂CO₃ are added and the reaction mixture is heated at 100° C. for 4 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with AcOEt and acidified by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.8 g of the expected product, m.p.=146° C.

EXAMPLE 2 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(4-piperidinopiperid-1-yl)propyl]piperidine dihydrochloride hemihydrate

A mixture of 0.55 g of 4-piperidinopiperidine, 1.3 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 1.14 g of K₂CO₃ in 10 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v) is heated at 100° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed twice with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (98/2; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in AcOEt, a stream of HCl gas is bubbled into the solution until the pH is 1, and ether is added until precipitation occurs. This gives 0.53 g of the expected product after filtration and drying, m.p.=265° C. (dec.).

EXAMPLE 3 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-[3-[4-carbamoyl-4-(piperid-1-yl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine dihydrochloride 1.5 hydrate

2.6 g of 4-carbamoyl-4-(piperid-1-yl)piperidine dihydrochloride are dissolved in water, the solution is rendered alkaline by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with DCM, the extract is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with 10 ml of acetonitrile, 1.55 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 are added and the reaction mixture is refluxed for 2 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water, with 1 N NaOH solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using a gradient of a DCM/MeOH mixture (99/1; v/v to 93/7; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with DCM and acidified by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the mixture is evaporated under vacuum to give 2 g of the expected product, m.p.=210° C.

EXAMPLE 4 3-[3-[4-(Acryloyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride

A mixture of 0.27 g of 4-(acryloyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride, 0.45 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 0.3 g of K₂CO₃ in 3 ml of DMF is heated at 80° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using a gradient of a DCM/MeOH mixture (99/1; v/v to 95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.2 g of the expected product, m.p.=128° C.

EXAMPLE 5 3-[3-[4-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine dihydrochloride monohydrate

A mixture of 1.04 g of 4-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperidine (compound of PREPARATION 1.4 in the form of the free base), 1.88 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 1.1 g of K₂CO₃ in 20 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v) is refluxed for 2 hours. The reaction mixture is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using a gradient of a DCM/MeOH mixture (98/2; v/v to 95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 1.2 g of the expected product after crystallization from AcOEt, m.p.=162-164° C.

EXAMPLE 6 3-[3-(4-Acetyl-4-benzylpiperid-1-yl)propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate

1.2 g of 4-acetyl-4-benzylpiperidine hydrochloride are dissolved in the minimum amount of water, the solution is rendered alkaline to pH 13 by the addition of concentrated NaOH solution and extracted with ether and the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and filtered. 1 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 is added to the filtrate and the mixture is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is taken up with 5 ml of DMF and heated at 70° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into iced water and extracted with ether, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with DCM and acidified to pH 1 by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the mixture is evaporated under vacuum to give 0.84 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether.

Proton NMR spectrum at 200 MHz in DMSO-d₆

0.9 to 2.4 ppm: us: 15H

2.5 to 4.6 ppm: us: 12H

6.8 to 7.9 ppm: us: 13H

9.9 to 10.6 ppm: 2 bs: 1H

EXAMPLE 7 3-[3-[4-(Acetylamino)-4-benzylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride dihydrate

A mixture of 0.44 g of 4-(acetylamino)-4-benzylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate, 0.50 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 0.53 g of K₂CO₃ in 5 ml of DMF is heated at 90° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with 2 N NaOH and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using a gradient of a DCM/MeOH mixture (99/1; v/v to 93/7; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.38 g of the expected product, m.p.=158° C. (dec.).

EXAMPLE 8 1-Benzoyl-3-[3-(4-benzyl-4-cyanopiperid-1-yl)propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride monohydrate

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in EXAMPLE 4, starting from 2.5 g of 4-benzyl-4-cyanopiperidine, 5 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1, 3.7 g of K₂CO₃ and 50 ml of DMF. The product obtained is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (97/3; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with ethereal hydrogen chloride and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 2.8 g of the expected product after crystallization from iso ether.

EXAMPLE 9 3-[3-[4-(Aminomethyl)-4-benzylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine dihydrochloride hemihydrate

A mixture of 2.3 g of the compound obtained in EXAMPLE 8 and 0.3 g of Raney® nickel in 100 ml of EtOH is hydrogenated for 72 hours at RT and at atmospheric pressure. The catalyst is filtered off and the filtrate is concentrated under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (85/15; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 1.08 g of the expected product.

Proton NMR spectrum at 200 MHz in DMSO-d₆

0.8 to 2.3 ppm: us: 12H

2.6 to 4.5 ppm: us: 14H

6.9 to 8.0 ppm: us: 13H

8.4 ppm: bs: 3H

EXAMPLE 10 1-Benzoyl-3-[3-[4-benzyl-4-(propionylaminomethyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride

A solution of 0.6 g of the compound obtained in EXAMPLE 9 and 0.18 ml of triethylamine in 10 ml of DCM is cooled to 0° C., 0.1 ml of propionyl chloride is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed twice with water and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.37 g of the expected product.

Proton NMR spectrum at 200 MHz in DMSO-d₆

0.7 to 2.3 ppm: us: 17H

2.55 to 4.5 ppm: us: 14H

6.8 to 8.0 ppm: us: 14H

9.0 to 10 ppm: 2 bs: 1H

EXAMPLE 11 1-Benzoyl-3-[3-[4-benzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in EXAMPLE 7, starting from 0.5 g of 4-benzyl-4-(ethoxycarbonylamino)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate, 0.5 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 0.52 g of K₂CO₃ in 5 ml of DMF. This gives 0.32 g of the expected product, m.p.=142° C. (dec.).

EXAMPLE 12 1-Benzoyl-3-[3-[4-benzyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate

A mixture of 4-benzyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine p-toluenesulfonate, 0.65 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 0.7 g of K₂CO₃ in 6 ml of DMF is heated at 80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into iced water and the precipitate formed is filtered off and washed with water. The precipitate is dissolved in AcOEt, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.56 g of the expected product.

Proton NMR spectrum at 200 MHz in DMSO-d₆

0.9 to 2.45 ppm: us: 16H

2.5 to 4.6 ppm: us: 16H

6.8 to 7.8 ppm: us: 13H

9.9 to 10.6 ppm: rs: 1H

EXAMPLE 13 3-[3-[4-(Acetyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)perhydroazepine hydrochloride 0.3 hydrate

A) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy)propyl]perhydroazepine

A solution of 13 g of the compound obtained in PREPARATION 2.2 and 6.8 g of triethylamine in 200 ml of DCM is cooled in an ice bath, a solution of 4.96 g of benzoyl chloride in 30 ml of DCM is added dropwise and the reaction mixture is stirred for 5 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water, with 5% NaHCO₃ solution, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 16.5 g of the expected product.

B) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)perhydroazepine

A stream of HCl gas is bubbled into a solution of 16.5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of MeOH until the pH is <1, and the reaction mixture is stirred for 10 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with a saturated solution of HCl gas in MeOH and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with 5% NaHCO₃ solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 13.7 g of the expected product.

C) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(methanesulfonyloxy)propyl]perhydroazepine

A solution of 5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 1.5 g of triethylamine in 100 ml of DCM is cooled in an ice bath, a solution of 1.55 g of methanesulfonyl chloride in 20 ml of DCM is added dropwise and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water, with 5% NaHCO₃ solution, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 5.7 g of the expected product.

D) 3-[3-[4-(Acetyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)perhydroazepine hydrochloride 0.3 hydrate

A mixture of 1.2 g of 4-(acetyl-N-methylamino)-4-phenylpiperidine p-toluenesulfonate, 1.2 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 1.2 g of K₂CO₃ in 20 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v) is refluxed for 3 hours. After cooling to RT, the reaction mixture is poured into water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed three times with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (96/4; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with ethereal hydrogen chloride and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 0.63 g of the expected product after solidification in ether, m.p.=125° C.

EXAMPLE 14 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]perhydroazepine hydrochloride hemihydrate

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step D of EXAMPLE 13, starting from 0.69 g of 4-(N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperidine, 1.2 g of the compound obtained in step C of EXAMPLE 13 and 1.2 g of K₂CO₃ in 20 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v). This gives 0.65 g of the expected product, m.p.=150° C.

EXAMPLE 15 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]perhydroazepine hydrochloride hemihydrate

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step D of EXAMPLE 13, starting from 0.96 g of 4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine, 1.5 g of the compound obtained in step C of EXAMPLE 13 and 1.5 g of K₂CO₃ in 10 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v). This gives 0.34 g of the expected product, m.p.=135° C.

EXAMPLE 16 3-[3-[4-(2-Aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)perhydroazepine dihydrochloride 1.5 hydrate

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step D of EXAMPLE 13, starting from 0.77 g of 4-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-4-phenylpiperidine (compound of PREPARATION 1.4 in the form of the free base), 1.2 g of the compound obtained in step C of EXAMPLE 13 and 1.2 g of K₂CO₃ in 20 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v). This gives 0.8 g of the expected product after crystallization from AcOEt, m.p.=178° C.

EXAMPLE 17 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine hydrochloride monohydrate

A mixture of 1 g of 4-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperidine hydrochloride, 1.7 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 0.65 g of K₂CO₃ in 15 ml of DMF is heated at 60° C. for 2 hours and the reaction mixture is then stirred overnight at RT. It is poured into water and extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (96/4; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 1.2 g of the expected product, m.p.=120-123° C.

EXAMPLE 18 3-[3-[4-(2-Acetoxyethoxy)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine hydrochloride 1.5 hydrate

A solution of 0.6 g of the compound obtained in EXAMPLE 17 and 0.5 ml of triethylamine in 25 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 0.085 ml of acetyl chloride is added and the mixture is stirred for 3 hours, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (98/2; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 1.2 g of the expected product, m.p.=105-107° C.

EXAMPLE 19 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-furoylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate

A) 3-[3-(4-Amino-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl)propyl]-1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)piperidine

A mixture of 6.81 g of 4-amino-4-phenylpiperidine dibenzenesulfonate, 5.2 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and 6.1 g of K₂CO₃ in 30 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v) is heated at 100° C. for 5 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is taken up with water and extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using a DCM/MeOH mixture (from 99/1; v/v to 85/15; v/v) as the eluent to give 3.6 g of the expected product.

B) 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-furoylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine hydrochloride hemihydrate

A solution of 1.5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 0.54 g of triethylamine in 10 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 0.35 g of 2-furoyl chloride is added and the mixture is stirred for 2 hours 30 minutes, the temperature being allowed to rise to RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is washed with water, with 5% NaHCO₃ solution, with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (97/3; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in AcOEt, a stream of HCl gas is bubbled into the solution until the pH is 1, and ether is added until precipitation occurs. This gives 1.27 g of the expected product after filtration and drying, m.p.=180-182° C.

EXAMPLE 20 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(2-thenoylamino)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine hydrochloride monohydrate

This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step B of EXAMPLE 19, starting from 1.5 g of the compound obtained in step A of EXAMPLE 19, 0.55 g of triethylamine and 0.4 g of 2-thenoyl chloride in 10 ml of DCM. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (95/5; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is taken up with DCM and acidified to pH 1 by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate obtained is filtered off to give 0.99 g of the expected product, m.p.=198-200° C.

EXAMPLE 21 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-isonicotinoyl-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine dihydrochloride trihydrate, (+) isomer (compound of formula I**a, Z**=4-pyridyl)

A) 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)piperidine hydrochloride, (+) isomer

5 ml of 40% NaOH solution are added to a solution of 10 g of the compound obtained in PREPARATION 2.1 in 20 ml of water, the mixture is extracted with DCM, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 9 g of an oil. 2.7 g of the oil obtained are dissolved in 50 ml of propan-2-ol, 2.36 g of 10-camphosulfonic acid, (+) isomer, are added and the mixture is heated to the reflux temperature. After cooling, crystallization and filtration of the crystals formed (3.86 g), the latter are dissolved in 10% NaOH solution and extracted with chloroform, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 2.3 g of product in the form of an oil, from which the hydrochloride is prepared. The optical rotation of the hydrochloride is measured.

[α]_(D) ²⁵=+5.5° (c=0.1; MeOH)

A second crystallization is carried out using 2.12 g of the oil obtained and 1.84 g of 10-camphosulfonic acid, (+) isomer, in 40 ml of propan-2-ol. After alkalization with NaOH, extraction with chloroform, drying over MgSO₄ and evaporation, 2.1 g of the expected product are obtained in the form of an oil, from which the hydrochloride is prepared.

[α]_(D) ²⁵=+6.5° (c=0.1; MeOH)

B) 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-(3-hydroxypropyl)piperidine, (+) isomer

0.61 g of di-tert-butyl dicarbonate is added to a solution of 0.9 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 0.6 g of triethylamine in 100 ml of DCM and the mixture is stirred for 30 minutes at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with a buffer solution of pH 2, with 1 N NaOH solution and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum to give 1.1 g of the expected product in the form of an oil.

C) 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-(methanesulfonyloxy)propyl]piperidine, (+) isomer

A solution of 22 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 6.86 g of triethylamine in 150 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 7.13 g of methanesulfonyl chloride are added and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at 0-5° C. and then for 2 hours at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The product obtained is taken up with ether and the mixture is then evaporated under vacuum to give 26.4 g of the expected product in the form of an oil.

D) 1-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine, (+) isomer

A mixture of 17 g of 4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperidine, 25.5 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 22.7 g of K₂CO₃ in 100 ml of a DMF/acetonitrile mixture (50/50; v/v) is heated at 100° C. for 3 hours 30 minutes. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is taken up with pentane and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 33 g of the expected product, m.p.=133-137° C.

[α]_(D) ²⁰=+33.2° (c=0.5; MeOH)

E) 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine dihydrochloride, (+) isomer

Concentrated HCl solution is added to a solution of 25.8 g of the compound obtained in the previous step in 200 ml of MeOH until the pH is 1, and the mixture is heated at 40° C. for 3 hours. It is concentrated under vacuum and the product obtained is crystallized from an AcOEt/ether mixture to give 17 g of the expected product, m.p.=170° C.

[α]_(D) ²⁰=+13° (c=0.5; MeOH)

F) 3-(3,4-Dichlorophenyl)-1-isonicotinoyl-3-[3-[4-phenyl-4-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)piperid-1-yl]propyl]piperidine dihydrochloride trihydrate, (+) isomer

A solution of 1.7 g of the compound obtained in the previous step and 0.9 g of triethylamine in 10 ml of DCM is cooled to 0-5° C., 0.6 g of isonicotinoyl chloride hydrochloride is added and the mixture is stirred for 1 hour at RT. It is concentrated under vacuum, the residue is extracted with AcOEt, the organic phase is washed with water and with saturated NaCl solution and dried over Na₂SO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica H using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (93/7; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in AcOEt, a stream of HCl gas is bubbled into the solution until the pH is 1, and ether is added until precipitation occurs. This gives 0.27 g of the expected product after filtration and drying, m.p.=140-142° C.

[α]_(D) ²⁰=+11.6° (c=0.5; MeOH)

EXAMPLE 22 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl]propyl]piperidine dihydrochloride 1.5 hydrate

A mixture of 1 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1, 0.7 g of spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperidine)dihydrochloride and 0.8 g of K₂CO₃ in 10 ml of DMF is heated at 70-80° C. for 3 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into water and the precipitate formed is filtered off and dried. The precipitate is chromatographed on silica using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (94/6; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified to pH 1 by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.5 g of the expected product, m.p.=192-195° C.

EXAMPLE 23 1-Benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[1-acetylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)propyl]piperidine hydrochloride monohydrate

A mixture of 1 g of the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1, 1 g of 1-acetylspiro(indoline-3,4′-piperidine)hydrochloride and 0.6 g of K₂CO₃ in 10 ml of DMF is heated at 70° C. for 2 hours. The reaction mixture is poured into water and the precipitate formed is filtered off. The precipitate is dissolved in DCM, the organic phase is dried over MgSO₄ and the solvent is evaporated off under vacuum. The residue is chromatographed on silica using DCM and then a DCM/MeOH mixture (97/3; v/v) as the eluent. The product obtained is dissolved in DCM and acidified to pH 1 by the addition of ethereal hydrogen chloride and the precipitate formed is filtered off to give 0.7 g of the expected product, m.p.=189-191° C.

The compounds according to the invention collated in TABLE I below are prepared by following the procedure described in step F of EXAMPLE 21, starting from the compound obtained in step E of EXAMPLE 21 and the appropriate acid chlorides.

TABLE I (I^(••)a)

Salt, solvate; m.p. ° C.; Example Z^(••) [α]_(D) ²⁰ 24

HCl, 1H₂O; 134-136; +31° (c = 0.5; MeOH) 25

HCl; 0.5H₂O; 172; +35.6° (c = 0.5; MeOH) 26

HCl, 1.25H₂O; 120-122; +47° (c = 0.5; MeOH) 27

HCl, 2H₂O; 75; +32.6° (c = 0.5; MeOH)

The compounds according to the invention collated in TABLE II below are prepared by following the procedures described in the previous EXAMPLES, starting from the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and the piperidines described in the PREPARATIONS.

TABLE II (I)

Exam- Salt, solvate; ple B— m.p. ° C. or NMR 28 (a)

2HCl, 2.5H₂O; 202-204 29 (b)

HCl, H₂O; 160-162 30 (a)

2HCl, H₂O; 165 31 (c)

HCl, 1.2H₂O; 175-180 32 (c)

HCl, 0.5H₂O; 155-157 33 (c)

HCl, 1.3H₂O; 158-160

(a) This compound is prepared by the procedure described in EXAMPLE 2.

(b) This compound is prepared by the procedure described in step B of EXAMPLE 19, starting from the compound obtained in step A of EXAMPLE 19 and ethyloxalyl chloride.

(c) This compound is prepared by the procedure described in EXAMPLE 23, starting from the compound obtained in step B of EXAMPLE 1 and the appropriate spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperidines). 

What is claimed is:
 1. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄-; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichliorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄) alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; arboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₃ of the formula

in which J₃ is:

 wherein: W₃ is oxygen, R₂₉ is a (C₁-C₄)alkyl or a trifluoromethyl and R₂₈, is a (C₁-C₆)alkyl; or W₃ is oxygen, R₂₈ is an allyl or a cyclohexyl and R₂₉ is a methyl; or W₃ is oxygen, R₂₈ is an ethyl and R₂₉ is a methylamino or a dimethylamino; or W₃ is oxygen and R₂₈ and R₂₉ together form a 1,3-propylene, 1,4-butylene or cis,cis-1,4-butadienyl group; or W₃ is sulfur and R₂₈ and R₂₉ together form a 1,4-butylene group; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 2. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₄ of the formula

 wherein: W₄ is 1-hydroxypropyl, 1-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl-2-yl, 4-hydroxyhept-4-yl, 2-hydroxyethyl, 1-hydroxyiminopropyl (syn or anti), 1-methoxyiminopropyl (syn or anti), 2-acetoxyethyl, 2-acetamidoethyl, carboxyl, etboxycarbonyl or pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 3. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₆ of the formula

in which J₄ is:

 wherein: W₁₀ is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted to trisubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and trifluoromethyl, said substituents being identical or different; benzyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or trisubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and trifluoromethyl, said substituents being identical or different; naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted to trisubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and trifluoromethyl, said substituents being identical or different; pyridyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, said substituents being identical or different; thienyl; pyrimidyl; or imidazolyl; and W₁₁ is —CONHR₄₉;

 or —CH₂CH₂N(CH₃)₂; or J₄ is:

 or:

 or:

 wherein: R₅₀ is hydrogen, (C₁-C₆)alkyl or benzyl; and R₅₁ is from one to three substituents selected from hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₆)alkyl and (C₁-C₆)alkoxy, said substituents being identical or different; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 4. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₇ selected from: a) 1-methanesulfonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) b) 1-benzyloxycarbonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) c) spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) d) 1-acetyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) e) 1-propionyl-spiro(indoline-3 ,4′-piperid-1′-yl) f) 1-formyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) g) 1-tert-butylcarbonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) h) 1-methylaminocarbonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) i) 1-ethoxycarbonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) j) 1-ethanesulfonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) k) 1-isopropanesulfonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) l) 1′-methyl-1-methanesulfonyl-spiro(inidoline-3,4′-piperidinio-1′) iodide m) 1-(2-aminoacetyl)-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) n) 1-methyl-spiro(indol-2-one-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) o) 2-methyl-spiro(isoindol-1-one-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) p) spiro(2-oxotetrahydroquinoline-4[−],4′-piperid-1′-yl) q) 1-methyl-spiro(2-oxotetrahydroquinoline-4,4′-piperid-1′-yl) r) spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) s) 5-fluoro-spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) t) spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) u) spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl)1-oxide v) a spiro(2,3-dihydrobenzothiophene-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) 1,1-dioxide w) 5-fluoro-1-methanesulfonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) x) 1-methanesulfonyl-5-methoxy-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) y) 1-methanesulfonyl-5-methyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) z) 5-chloro-1-methanesulfonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) aa) 7-fluoro-1-methanesulfonyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) ab) 1-acetyl-5-fluoro-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) ac) 1-acetyl-5-chloro-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) ad) 1-acetyl-5-methyl-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) ae) 1-acetyl-6-fluoro-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) af) 1-acetyl-4-fluoro-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl) ag) 1-(N,N-dimethylcarbamoyl)-spiro(indoline-3,4′-piperid-1′-yl); an acid-addition salt thereof.
 5. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀,)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₈ of the formula

 wherein: W₁₇ is a direct bond; W₁₈ is oxo or thioxo; W₁₉ is oxy or NH; and W₂₀ is ethylene or trimethylene; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 6. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₉ of the formula

in which J₅ is:

 wherein: X₂ is —COOR₆₈; or —C(═W₂₄)NR₇₀R₇₁; W₂₁, W₂₂ and W₂₃ together with the nitrogen atom form a 2-oxopiperidino or a 2-oxoperhydropyrimidin-1-yl group; R₆₈ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₆₉ is (C₁-C₆)alkyl; R₇₀ and R₇₁ are each independently hydrogen; (C₁-C₆)alkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by hydroxyl or (C₁-C₃)alkoxy; ω-HO—(C₁-C₆)alkyl; ω-(C₁-C₃)alkoxy-(C₁-C₆)alkyl; ω-phenyl-(C₁-C₆)alkyl; ω-R₇₆OOC—(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or ω-R₇₇R₇₈NCO—(C₁-C₆)alkyl; or R₇₀ and R₇₁, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine (or its S-oxide) and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by methyl or ethyl; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 7. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄) alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₁₀ of the formula

 in which J₆ is: a group

 wherein: X₁ is a group selected from: (1) hydrogen; (2) (C₁-C₇)alkyl; (3) formyl; (4) (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; (5) —(CH₂)_(m)—OR₄; (6) —(CH₂)_(m)—OCOR₅; (7) —(CH₂)_(m)—OCONH—(C₁-C₇)alkyl; (8) —O—CH₂CH₂—OR₆; (9) —(CH₂)_(n)—SR₇; (10) —CH₂—S(O)_(j)—(C₁-C₇)alkyl; (11) —NR₈R₉; (12) —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₀R₁₁; (13) —NR₁₂COR₁₃; (14) —NR₁₄COCOR₁₅; (15) —(CH₂)_(p)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)R₁₆; (16) —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄COOR₁₇; (17) —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄SO₂R₁₈; (18) —(CH₂)_(m)—NR₁₄C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀; (19) —(CH₂)_(n)—COOR₂₁; (20) —(CH₂)_(n)—C(═W₁)NR₁₉R₂₀; (21) —CO—NR₂₂—NR₂₃R₂₄; (22) —CN;

 in which groups: m is zero, one or two; n is zero or one; p is one or two; j is one or two; W₁ is oxygen or sulfur; R₄ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₅ is hydrogen; (C₁-C₇)alkyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; phenyl; or pyridyl; R₆ is hydrogen; (C₁-C₇)alkyl; formyl; or (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; R₇ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₈ and R₉ are each independently hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₉ can also be (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl, benzyl or phenyl; or R₈ and R₉, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thio-morpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; R₁₀ and R₁₁ are each independently hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₁ can also be (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl or benzyl; R₁₂ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₃ is hydrogen; (C₁-C₇)alkyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; phenyl; benzyl; vinyl; pyridyl; furyl; thienyl; pyrrolyl; or imidazolyl; or R₁₂ and R₁₃ together are a group —(CH₂)_(u)—, in which u is three or four; R₁₄ is a hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₁₅ is (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; R₁₆ is hydrogen; (C₁-C₇)alkyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more methyls; phenyl; benzyl; vinyl; pyridyl; furyl; thienyl; pyrrolyl; or imidazolyl; R₁₇ is (C₁-C₇)alkyl or phenyl; R₁₈ is (C₁-C₇)alkyl; amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen, (C₁-C₇)alkyl, trifluoromethyl, hydroxyl, (C₁-C₇)alkoxy, carboxyl, (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl, (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyloxy, cyano, nitro and amino which is free or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls, said substituents being identical or different; R₁₉ and R₂₀ are each independently hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₀ can also be (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkylmethyl; hydroxyl; (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; benzyl; phenyl; or (C₁-C₇)alkyl substituted by a hydroxyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxy, phenyl, carboxyl, (C₁-C₃)alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two (C₁-C₇)alkyls; or R₁₉ and R₂₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, morpholine, thio-morpholine, perhydroazepine and piperazine which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 4-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; R₂₁, is hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₂ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₃ and R₂₄ are each independently hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₅ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; and R₂₆ and R₂₇ are each independently hydrogen or (C₁-C₇)alkyl; R₂₇ can also be formyl or (C₁-C₇)alkylcarbonyl; X₁ being other than hydrogen when W₂₅ is (C₁-C₇)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; W₂₅ is (C₁-C₇)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; W₂₅ can also be a group —NR₇₉R₈₀ when X₁ is hydrogen, cyano, carboxyl, (C₁-C₇)alkoxycarbonyl or —CONR₁₉R₂₀; and R₇₉ and R₈₀ are each independently (C₁-C₇)alkyl; or R₇₉ and R₈₀, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a heterocycle selected from azetidine, pyrrolidine, morpholine, thiomorpholine and perhydroazepine; or X₁ forms a double bond between the carbon atom to which it is bonded and the adjacent carbon atom of the piperidine ring; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 8. 1-benzoyl-3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-3-[3-[4-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)-4-phenylpiperid-1-yl]propyl]perhydroazepine in the form of the racemate or the (+) or (−) enantiomer; or an acid-addition salt thereof.
 9. A compound of the formula

wherein: R₁ and R₂ together form a group —(CH₂)₄—; Ar₁ is 3,4-dichlorophenyl; T is —CH₂—; —CO—; —COO—; or —CONR₃— in which R₃ is hydrogen or (C₁-C₄)alkyl; A is a direct bond; —(CH₂)_(t)—, in which t is one, two or three; or a vinylene group; or —T—A— is —SO₂—; Z is phenyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by a substituent selected from halogen; trifluoromethyl; cyano; hydroxyl; nitro; amino which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; benzylamino; carboxyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkyl; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; (C₁-C₁₀)alkoxy; (C₃-C₈)cycloalkoxy which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by methyl; mercapto; (C₁-C₁₀)alkylthio; formyloxy; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonyloxy; formylamino; (C₁-C₆)alkylcarbonylamino; benzoylamino; (C₁-C₄)alkoxycarbonyl; (C₃-C₇)cycloalkoxycarbonyl; carbamoyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted by (C₁-C₄)alkyl; ureido which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or disubstituted in the 3-position by (C₁-C₄)alkyl or (C₃-C₇)cycloalkyl; and (pyrrolidin-1-yl)carbonylamino, said substituents being identical or different; or Z is naphthyl which is unsubstituted, monosubstituted or polysubstituted by halogen, trifluoromethyl, (C₁-C₄)alkyl, hydroxyl or (C₁-C₄)alkoxy; or Z is pyridyl; thienyl; indolyl; quinolyl; benzothienyl; or imidazolyl; B is a group B₅ of the formula

 wherein: W₇ is hydroxyl, W₆ is hydrogen and W₈ is phenyl; or W₆ and W₇ are hydrogen and W₈ is selected from the following groups: 5-methyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 4-ethoxycarbonylimidazol-2-yl, 2-fluoropyrid-3-yl, 2-methylthiophenyl, 4-methylthiophenyl, 2-methylsulfinylphenyl, 4-methylsulfinylphenyl and 4-(N-methylcarbamoyl)phenyl; or W₇ is hydrogen and W₆ and W₈, together with the piperidine to which they are bonded, form a spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperid]-1′-yl group or a 3-oxospiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),4′-piperid]-1′-yl group; or an acid-addition salt thereof. 